Abstract
In the last decade, organisms resistant to multiple drugs have become a threatening problem worldwide. Considering the lack of infection control practices to contain outbreaks and the increase in bacterial resistance in many hospitals in Khartoum, this study aimed to investigate the pattern of antibacterial susceptibility and prevalence of resistance genes (blaNDM, blaAIMblaGIM, blaIMP) of Klebsiella pneumoniae using multiplex PCR from clinical samples with multidrug resistance. The cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from October 2020 to January 2021 in multidrug-resistant bacteria. The bacteria were collected from a different hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. String test highly virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified by a positive string test. The disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar (Merck Company Germany) was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility. Genomic DNA was extracted from colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae and analyzed by multiplex PCR for the genes (blaNDM, blaAIM, blaGIM and blimp. A total of 51 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were recorded from samples of patients of whom 29 (56,9%) were male and 22 (43.1%) were female, the mean age of the patients was 40 years (median 41 years) and ranging from 1 to 71 years. Samples types in various cases included urine 23(45.1%), sputum 18(35.3%), blood 2(3.9%), wound swabs 7(13.7%) and pus aspirate 1(2.0%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the resistant isolates by disc disk diffusion method showed that the lowest and highest resistance, the rate of the antibiotic resistance; meropenem (56.9%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (74.5%), ceftazidime (84.3%), cefotaxime (96.1%) ampicillin (98.0%), ceftriaxone (96.1%), tetracycline (54.9%), aztreonam (84.3%), colistin (25.5%) and ampicillin/clpxacilin (100%). A multiplex PCR amplification test was performed to detect the prevalence of genes NDM 27 (52.9%), AIM 7 (13.7%) IMP 3 (5.9%) GIM 3 (5.9%), and no genes 11 (21.6%) in the samples. The study concluded that these isolates became a source of warriors because they can develop resistance in a short period. Controlling and preventing resistant isolates necessitates close monitoring and rapid intervention.