Abstract
Molecular Docking (Mol.dock) of resorcinol based acridinedione dyes (ADR1 and ADR2) with a globular protein, Human Serum Albumin (HSA) were carried out. Docking studies reveal that ADR2 dye binding with HSA is energetically more stable and feasible than ADR1 dye. ADR1 dye predominantly resides in site I and III of HSA rather than binding site II wherein, ADR1 dye acts as hydrogen bonding (HB) acceptor through its carbonyl oxygen. On the contrary, ADR2 dye resides in all the binding sites of HSA such that the dye acts as the HB donor through the N-H hydrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen of the amino acid acts as the HB acceptor. The stability of dye-protein complex in the presence of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was carried out by employing specific site selective drugs (Sudlow binding site drugs). The energetics and the bimolecular interactions of various drugs with ADR1-HSA and ADR2-HSA were generated to ascertain the influence of drug and its governance on the binding affinity of dye-protein complex. Sudlow site I binding drugs were effective in decreasing the energetics of ADR1 dye-HSA complex whereas site II binding drugs predominantly decreases the affinity of ADR2 dye with HSA. However, the dyes efficiently displaces the site specific drugs from their specific binding sites of HSA which was not observed in the case of drugs on the displacing ability over dyes situated in different domains of protein. Mol.dock studies are employed as an authentic, reliable and most effective tool to ascertain the binding stability of host-guest complex as well as to ascertain the most probable location of several competing ligands in various domains of HSA. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).