Abstract
The widespread and a dramatic increase usage of antibiotics in recent years led to appearance of new bacterial resistance to a various classes of antibiotics. The bacterial resistance to different antibiotics leads to increased morbidity and mortality associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR), particularly in pathogenic bacteria that infect people and cause infections. The current study was aimed to study and evaluate the resistance of some chosen Gram positive bacterial strains, it were Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to 16 different chosen antibiotics. The evaluation was done through disk diffusion assay method. Results concluded that the bacterial strains under study were resistant to all used antibiotics. This main point of study was confirmed by the presence of antibiotic resistance genes i.e. ampR, blashv-12, penA1, penA2, ampC1, ampC2, aac4A-cr, and vanR on plasmid and genomics DNA isolated from used bacterial strains. The obtained results highlights that the increase and rapid used of antibiotic resistance lead to appearance of MDR strains