Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women around the globe Tamoxifen is used for the last 40 years as an endocrine
therapy for breast cancer. This resulted in the reduction of mortality rate by 30% and it still remains one of the most effective therapies
against breast cancer. However, resistance against tamoxifen is still one of the major hurdles in the effective management of breast
cancer. Intense research has been conducted in the past decade to further explore its resistance mechanism, but still a lot of research
will be needed to effectively alleviate this problem. Several biochemical factors and molecular pathways, such as the modulation of ER
signaling, upregulation of growth factors had been observed as key factors for tamoxifen resistance (TR). After, initial therapy of five to
ten years, breast cancer patients develops resistance towards this drug. The resistance leads to the development of other cancers like
uterine cancer. Here, we briefly explore all the molecular events related to tamoxifen resistance and focus on its mechanism of action as
well as other pharmacological approaches to better its beneficial effects in the treatment of breast carcinoma.