Abstract
Deepwater utilization and underwater sound communication with inadequate bandwidth, elongated propagation interruption, signal failure issues, and sensor node malfunction due to ecological circumstances are the limitations of the underwater wireless sensor network. Further, the challenges in underground wireless sensor network (WSN) include superior bandwidth, high power expenses, information handling, and cross-layer design. On the other hand, cooperative communications facilitate competent employment of communication resources, by permitting nodes in a network to work together in information communication. As wireless sensor networks adapt to multi-hop transmission in high data traffic, there is a high demand for achieving energy efficiency. Moreover, in the course of proximity nodes to the sink, an energy hole is started for the extended network lifetime. This paper proposes the design of multi-hoped cooperative communication-based wireless underground sensor networks that guarantees energy efficiency in a hostile environment. In addition, network coverage and connectivity improvement are also improved by this proposed design.