Abstract
The current paper presents a multi-objective manta ray foraging algorithm (MO-MRFA) for efficient operation of hybrid AC and multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) power grids. The multi-objective framework aims at achieving economical, technical and environmental benefits by minimising the total production fuel costs, minimising the transmission power losses and minimising the environmental emissions in the AC/MTDC transmission systems. The MRFA imitates three separate independent foraging organisations of the manta rays. It is updated incorporating an additional Pareto archive to preserve the non-dominated solutions. A dynamic adaptation of the fitness feature is employed by iteratively varying the form of the employed fitness function. Furthermore, a fuzzy decision-making technique is activated to finally pick the appropriate operating point of the AC/MTDC power grids. The proposed technique is compared with other reported algorithms in the literatures. The applications are conducted on three test systems. These systems are IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 57-bus test power systems in addition to real part of the Egyptian grid at West Delta region. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed MO-MRFA has great effectiveness and robustness indices over the others. Nevertheless, the proposed MO-MRFA is successfully extracting several Pareto solutions that meet the techno-economic requirements with accepted environmental concerns.