Abstract
Microchip based electrophoresis is also called Nano Capillary Electrophoresis (NCE) in microchips. It has been developed in the last decade and used for analyses of some species of biological and environmental importance. It is believed that this modality is a requirement of the present century as it deals with nano or low level detection. The present article describes state-of-the-art NCE for the separation and identification of different compounds. The discussed classes of compounds include amino acids, drug development and design, biological fluids, enzymes and hormones, proteomics, genomics, foods and beverages, viruses, bacteria, environmental analyses, and explosives. Additionally, attempts have been made to describe NCE optimization and mechanisms of separation. It has been observed that this modality has been used for analysis of various molecules at nano or low levels of detection limits, which is an asset in separation science. Briefly, NCE development in this century has been remarkable and will open many mysteries of science, especially in the research of proteomics, genomics, and viral infections.