Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an emerging public health and clinical issue linked to heart failure, ESRD, and other negative effects, including renal replacement therapy. A systematic search of five major databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Cochrane library, was conducted to comprise eligible literature for research. This systematic review studies the risk factors associated with the development of DN and albuminuria in adolescents suffering from T1DM. A total of 13 study articles with 1489 patients were included in this review. Hypertension in association with albuminuria was found in six studies, high mean HbA1c in association with DN was demonstrated in all the included studies, and dyslipidemia/ high total cholesterol level was reported in three studies. Hypertension, high HbA1C (poor glycemic control), dyslipidemia, high cholesterol levels, and high BMI indicating overweight or obesity are risk factors for the incidence of microalbuminuria and DN in adolescents with T1DM.