Abstract
This review focuses on nano-structured delivery devices prepared from biodegradable and biocompatible natural and synthetic polymers, organic raw materials, metals, metal oxides, and their other compounds that culminated in the preparation of various nano-entities depending on the preparative techniques, and starting raw materials' utilizations. Many nanoparticles (NPs) made of polymeric, metallic, magnetic, and non-magnetic origins, liposomes, hydrogels, dendrimers, and other carbon-based nano-entities have been produced. Developments in nano- material substrate and end products' design, structural specifications, preparative strategies, chemo-biological interfacing to involve the biosystems interactions, surface functionalization, and on-site biomolecular and phy- siology-mediated target-specific delivery concepts, exam- ples, and applications are outlined. The inherent toxicity, and safety of the design concepts in nanomaterial prepara- tion, and their applications in biomedical fields, especially to the organs, cellular and sub-cellular deliveries are delib- erated. Bioapplications, the therapeutic delivery modules' pharmacokinetics and medicinal values, nanopharmaceu- tical designs, and their contributions as nano-entities in the healthcare biotechnology of drug delivery domains have also been discussed. The importance of site-specific triggers in nano-scale deliveries, the inherent and induced structural specifications of numerous nanomaterial entities belonging to NPs, nano-scale composites, nano-conjugates, and other nano-devices of organic and inorganic origins, near biological systems are detailed. Modifications that provide nano-deliveries of their intrinsic therapeutic actions, through structural and physicochemical characteristics modifications, and the proven success of various nano-delivery devices and currently available commercial nanomedicinal and nanopharmaceutical products are also provided.