Abstract
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions have dramatically increased since the industrial revolution, building up in the atmosphere and causing global warming. Sustainable CO
2
capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) techniques are required, and materials and technologies for CO
2
capture, conversion, and utilization are of interest. Different CCUS methods such as adsorption, absorption, biochemical, and membrane methods are being developed. Besides, there has been a good advancement in CO
2
conversion into viable products, such as photoreduction of CO
2
using sunlight into hydrocarbon fuels, including methane and methanol, which is a promising method to use CO
2
as fuel feedstock using the advantages of solar energy. There are several methods and various materials used for CO
2
conversion. Also, efficient nanostructured catalysts are used for CO
2
photoreduction. This review discusses the sources of CO
2
emission, the strategies for minimizing CO
2
emissions, and CO
2
sequestration. In addition, the review highlights the technologies for CO
2
capture, separation, and storage. Two categories, non-conversion utilization (direct use) of CO
2
and conversion of CO
2
to chemicals and energy products, are used to classify different forms of CO
2
utilization. Direct utilization of CO
2
includes enhanced oil and gas recovery, welding, foaming, and propellants, and the use of supercritical CO
2
as a solvent. The conversion of CO
2
into chemicals and energy products
via
chemical processes and photosynthesis is a promising way to reduce CO
2
emissions and generate more economically valuable chemicals. Different catalytic systems, such as inorganics, organics, biological, and hybrid systems, are provided. Lastly, a summary and perspectives on this emerging research field are presented.