Abstract
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•Role of nanoparticles as stimulants for efficient generation of biofuels and renewables.•Vastness of nanotechnology to deploy nanoparticles as catalytic tools are given.•Contributing factors are discussed for nanomaterials-assisted biofuel production.
Fossil fuels have caused irreversible damage to the ecosystem, and finding alternatives is critical to prevent futher degradation. To effectively tackle the fossil fuels dilemma, biofuels can encounter current energy demands by re-proposing existing biomass as feedstocks for biotransformation into various energy forms, such as bioethanol, biohydrogen. Because current methods cannot fully exploit the potential, the concept of using nanomaterials to accelerate the process was developed. Nanoparticles have a lot of potential for producing biofuels in a sustainable and commercially viable way. In the dark- and photo-fermentative organisms feed sugars and biowaste materials, the potential function of nanoparticles in enhancing bioethanol and biohydrogen generation has been investigated. The ability to use nano-supports in different subfields for biocatalysts might be a significant strategy for achieving the economic feasibility of several processes that are now being investigated, with minimal or no interference from nanosized particles in catalytic activity. Furthermore, nanocatalysts can be employed in different areas to chemically catalyze cellulose depolymerization or oil and fat transesterification with great efficiency. While there are hazards associated with every new technology, and the world is now far better positioned to analyze those risks and respond appropriately, it appears that the application of nanotechnologyto biofuels may be advanced without harming security, public health, or the environment.