Abstract
Two new species of diplogastrid nematodes from India are described and illustrated. Diplogasteroides uriceus sp. n. has a medium-sized body, monoprodelphic reproductive system lacking a post-uterine sac, anteriorly directed muscular vagina and vulva located far posterior; long, slender, arcuate spicules; gubernaculum with proximal thread-like flexible part and nine pairs of genital papillae of which four pairs are precloacal and five pairs postcloacal. The new species resembles D. crassus but can be most easily differentiated by the structure of the cheilorhabdions, shape and structure of the gubernaculum, arrangement of the genital papillae and the complete absence of a bursa. The new species also resembles D. proprius but can be differentiated by stoma structure, more anteriorly located vulva, longer spicules, gubernaculum shape and tail form. Rhabditidoides papillatus sp. n. is characterised by the presence of three pairs of post-deirids in the lateral fields, posteriorly curved tubular stoma, amphidelphic female reproductive system, strongly developed, arcuate spicules with bilobed capitulum and a slender gubernaculum provided with a sleeve distally and anteriorly directed bifid ends proximally. It can be distinguished from R. stigmatus by the structure of the spicule head, gubernaculum shape and arrangement of the genital papillae; from R. mastigurus by spicule structure and the gubernaculum shape; and from R. quercophilus by a more slender female body, stoma structure, absence of a male bursa, spicule form and arrangement of the genital papillae.