Abstract
By revisiting, improving, and extending recent neural-network based modeling attacks on XOR Arbiter PUFs from the literature, we show that XOR Arbiter PUFs, (XOR) Feed-Forward Arbiter PUFs, and Interpose PUFs can be attacked faster, up to larger security parameters, and with an order of magnitude fewer challenge-response pairs than previously known both in simulation and in silicon data. To support our claim, we discuss the differences and similarities of recently proposed modeling attacks and offer a fair comparison of the performance of these attacks by implementing all of them using the popular machine learning framework Keras and comparing their performance against the well-studied Logistic Regression attack. Our findings show that neural-network-based modeling attacks have the potential to outperform traditional modeling attacks on PUFs and must hence become part of the standard toolbox for PUF security analysis; the code and discussion in this paper can serve as a basis for the extension of our results to PUF designs beyond the scope of this work.