Abstract
Permeability is an important parameter for oil and gas reservoir characterization. Permeability can be traditionally determined by well testing and core analysis. These conventional methods are very expensive and time-consuming. Permeability estimation in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs is a challenge task to be handled accurately. Many researches tried to relate permeability and reservoir properties using complex mathematical equations which resulted in inaccurate estimation of the formation permeability values. Permeability prediction based on well logs using artificial intelligent techniques was presented by many authors. They used several wire-line logs such as gamma ray, neutron porosity, bulk density, resistivity, sonic, spontaneous potential, hole size, depths, and other logs. The objective of this paper is to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model that can be used to predict the permeability of heterogeneous reservoir based on three logs only, namely resistivity, bulk density, and neutron porosity. In addition to the ANN model, in this paper and for the first time a mathematical equation from the ANN model will be extracted that can be used for permeability prediction for any data set without the need for the ANN model. Also, in this study and for the first time we introduced a new term which is the mobility index that can be used effectively in the permeability prediction. Mobility index term is derived from the mobile oil saturation that occurred due to the drilling fluid filtrate invasion. The obtained results showed that ANN model gave a comparable results with support vector machine and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model. The developed mathematical equation from ANN model can be used to estimate the permeability for heterogamous carbonate reservoir based only on three parameters: bulk density, neutron porosity, and mobility index. Actual core data points (1223 points) with the three logs were used to train (857 data points, 70% of the data) and test the model for unseen data (366 data points, 30% of the data). The correlation coefficient for training and testing was 0.95, and the root-mean-square error was 0.28. The developed mathematical equation will help the engineers to save time and predict the permeability with a high accuracy using inexpensive technique. Introducing the new parameter, mobility index, in the prediction process greatly improved the permeability prediction from the log data compared to the actual measured data.