Abstract
Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is an inappropriate and involuntary wetting during sleep with a peak prevalence of approximately 15-20% in 5-year-old children and older. The aim of this study is to report the prevalence and risk factor of nocturnal enuresis among children in Makkah and Jeddah. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among Saudi children 5 years of age and older, Mecca and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from 12 May to 12 July 2020. Data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire that was distributed online and included questions designed to fulfill the study objectives. Results: Out of 363 children, 90.9% were Saudi, 92.8% of children families are with average/high economic level, and the parents had university education. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) among the children of the current study was high (63.9%). Nocturnal enuresis is significantly associated with ages (years) P=0.002, OR=1.191, 95% CI (1.067 - 1.329), residence P=0.002, OR=2.565, 95% CI (1.409 - 4.672), and child order P=0.003, OR=2.897, 95% CI (1.419 - 5.912). Siblings with NE in childhood, parents' history of NE in childhood, child snore during sleep, psychological problems, and history of urinary tract infection (UTI) were the most reported significant NE's risk factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) among the children of the current study was high. The prevalence of NE is significantly associated with age, residence, and child order. Therefore, more health education program should be provided to increase parents' awareness of NE symptoms and treatment to reduce NE's occurrence.