Abstract
Botanical insecticides are promising pest control agents. This research investigated the novel pesticidal efficacy of
Araucaria heterophylla
and
Commiphora molmol
extracts against four ectoparasites through treated envelopes. Seven days post-treatment (PT) with 25 mg/mL of
C. molmol
and
A. heterophylla
, complete mortality of the camel tick,
Hyalomma dromedarii
and cattle tick,
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus
were reached. Against
H. dromedarii
, the median lethal concentrations (LC
50s
) of the methanol extracts were 1.13 and 1.04 mg/mL and those of the hexane extracts were 1.47 and 1.38 mg/mL, respectively. The LC
50
values of methanol and hexane extracts against
R. annulatus
were 1.09 and 1.41 plus 1.55 and 1.08 mg/mL, respectively. Seven days PT with 12.5 mg/mL, extracts completely controlled
Haematopinus eurysternus
and
Hippobosca maculata
; LC
50
of
Ha. eurysternus
were 0.56 and 0.62 mg/mL for methanol extracts and 0.55 and 1.00 mg/mL for hexane extracts, respectively, whereas those of
Hi. maculata
were 0.67 and 0.78 mg/mL for methanol extract and 0.68 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively, for hexane extracts.
C. molmol
extracts contained sesquiterpene, fatty acid esters and phenols, whereas those of
A. heterophylla
possessed monoterpene, sesquiterpene, terpene alcohols, fatty acid, and phenols. Consequently, methanol extracts of
C. molmol
and
A. heterophylla
were recommended as ecofriendly pesticides.