Abstract
Nuclear and radioactive materials provide a great benefit to humanity through the production of vast amounts of energy to meet critical development needs and mitigate the threat of climate change. These materials also have a vital role in primary life fields such as medicine, industry, agriculture, research, and education. They are used in safe environments and with firm and sufficient security conditions. However, there is a high probability of some breaches that include some radioactive materials getting out of control, which may lead to harmful consequences. For example, terrorist groups may obtain radioactive sources with high radioactivity to use them for terrorist purposes. These threats have led to a global trend towards increasing the control, inventory, and security of nuclear and radioactive materials to prevent their use for any illegal purpose causing harm to individuals or polluting the environment. Such a situation constitutes a huge complication of the safety scope, presenting security issues that must be addressed effectively. In an environment where terrorist groups could use nuclear materials to attack, organizing a large public event poses significant security challenges for security officials whose duty is to prevent the use of nuclear and other radioactive materials for criminal or terrorist purposes. These nuclear and other radioactive materials pose serious health, social, psychological, economic, and political threats.Consequently, this review paper aims to describe the procedures that lead to preventing hostilities related to nuclear and radioactive materials, detecting, and responding to such actions, and helping to prevent the loss of control over these materials by describing nuclear security systems and appropriate measures to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of comprehensive security for a large public event.