Abstract
Introduction: decreased blood flow to the head of femur is a degenerative process leading to cell death and eventually to osteonecrosis. It occurs mostly in people aged 20-40 and is a common presentation for orthopedic surgery consultation. The surgeons usually decide management plan on a case basis, and depending on the age of the patient, gender, severity of symptoms, stage of the disease, and the presence of other comorbidities.
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1985, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: osteonecrosis, femoral head necrosis, orthopedic surgery of hip, surgical management of hip necrosis
Aim: In this review, we aim to study the pathophysiology behind osteonecrosis of the hip and understand its surgical management.
Conclusion: To diagnose femoral head osteonecrosis, clinical and radiologic findings are evaluated. There is no specific treatment which is proven to decrease the progression of the disease and interfere with its natural progression. All present medical and surgical interventions aim at symptomatic relief and prevention of permanent damage. Future studies are needed to study different surgical approaches and provide evidence on which to use in each subpopulation.