Abstract
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The objective of this research work is to demonstrate the ecologically friendly fabrication of gold nanoparticles (OL-Au NAPs) using the biomolecules of Olea europaea leaf extract. Several spectroscopic approaches were utilized to analyze green fabricated OL-Au NAPs efficiently. OL-Au NAPs were investigated against two different bacteriological strains for antibacterial and biofilm inhibition efficacy. The MTT technique was used to determine the cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cancerous cells, which was expressed as a percentage of viable cells. The biocompatibility of the synthesized NAPs was evaluated further by incubating them for 24 h with hMSC and 293T cell lines. The results indicated that synthesized OL-Au NAPs effectively suppressed proliferation and biofilm formation in all tested bacteria. Their antibacterial activity was statistically equivalent to that of standard antibiotics (p > 0.05). In silico molecular docking studies confirmed that OL-Au NAPs can also bind and inhibit important S. aureus proteins involved in the cell wall and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. Moreover, they outperformed plant leaf extract and CH-Au NAPs in terms of cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cancerous cells. Green fabricated OL-Au NAPs seemed more biocompatible with 293T and hMSC cells than CH-Au NAPs. The promising biological properties of the OL-Au NAPs may be a result of the NAPs' properties interacting with the adsorbed bioactive molecules from plant leaf extract. As a consequence of this study, synthesized OL-Au NAPs may be a potential choice for their numerous pharmacological and nutritional properties. This discovery will also open the road for the creation of nontoxic nanomaterials with extra biologic properties obtained from plants.