Abstract
Perovskite solar cells were prepared using (MAPbBr(3))(x) ((MACl)(0.28)FA(0.98)Cs(0.02)PbI(3))(1 - x), (x = 0, 0.05, and 0.07) perovskite layers. The effect of the MAPbBr(3) amount on the formed phases and lattice parameters of the formed perovskite films was explored using the x-ray diffraction technique. The grain size of the film was increased from 64 to 71 nm as MAPbBr(3) was added to the formed films. The direct optical band gap was increased from 1.54 to 1.57 eV as MAPbBr(3) was added to the perovskite film. In the visible range, the refractive index value of the film with 5% MAPbBr(3) is slightly larger than that of the films with 7% MAPbBr(3). The effect of adding MAPbBr(3) on absorption, transmittance, reflectance, extinction coefficient, refractive index, dielectric constant, loss energy functions, nonlinear optical parameters, and emitted photoluminescence spectra of the different films was investigated using the UV-vis spectroscopy technique. The cell without MAPbBr(3) exhibited an open circuit voltage (V-oc) of 0.82 V, a short current density (J(sc)) of 22.4 mA/cm(2), a fill factor (FF) of 65%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.8% while the cell with 5% MAPbBr(3) exhibited the highest PCE of 17.2% with a V-OC of 1.01 V, a J(SC) of 23.6 mA/cm(2), and a FF of 72%.