Abstract
The optimal operation of microgrids consists of renewable energy sources (RESs) play a key role in reducing greenhouse gasses and costs of operation. This paper suggests a stochastic optimal operation for an MG consisting of several RESs, storage systems and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The uncertainties of the MG are modeled through Monte Carlo simulation. The grasshopper optimization algorithm is employed here for optimizing the power management of the MG and various charging uncertain characteristics of PHEVs. Several simulations are provided to confirm the usefulness of the proposed model. The results validate that the recommended model can properly minimize the operation cost of the MG and reduce environmental pollution. Moreover, the optimal operation of the MG is promoted with several economic and technical benefits when integrating storage and PHEVs into the system.