Abstract
We derive a system of nonlinear equations that govern the dynamics
of low-frequency short-wavelength electromagnetic waves in the presence of
equilibrium density, temperature, magnetic field and velocity gradients. In the
linear limit, a local dispersion relation is obtained and analyzed.
New ηe-driven
electromagnetic drift modes and instabilities are shown to exist. In the
nonlinear case, the temporal behaviour of a nonlinear dissipative system can be
written in the form of Lorenz- and Stenflo-type equations that admit chaotic
trajectories. On the other hand, the stationary solutions of the nonlinear system
can be represented in the form of dipolar and vortex-chain solutions.