Abstract
Recently, codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella L.) populations with a significantly reduced susceptibility to C. pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) products have been observed in Germany, A novel CpGV isolate, designated CpGV-I12, is able to overcome the CpGV resistance. CpGV-I12 originated from Iran and showed Superior efficacy in laboratory bioassays against a resistant CM strain (CpR), which has a 100-fold reduced susceptibility to commercially used isolate CpGV-M. Determination of the median lethal concentration (LC50) indicated that CpGV-I12 is nearly as efficient in resistant CpR as CpGV-M in a susceptible CM strain (CpS). Beyond, CpGV-I12 caused superior mortality in CpS. Infection experiments showed that the resistance breaking effect can be observed in all instars of CpR. CpGV-I12 is a promising alternative control agent of CM in orchards where conventional CpGV products fail. In addition, we demonstrate in bioassays with recombinant expressed Cry1Ab that cross-resistance to CpGV and Bacillus thuringiensis products is not likely. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.