Abstract
Recently in vivo and in vitro studies have provided evidence establishing the significance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in both physiological and pathological conditions. In this regard, the role of miRNA-128 (miR-128) in health and diseases has been found, and its critical regulatory role in the context of some viral diseases has been recently identified. For instance, it has been found that miR-128 can serve as an antiviral mediator and significantly limit the replication and dissemination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Besides, it has been noted that poliovirus receptor-related 4 (PVRL4) is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-128, representing possible miRNA targets that can modulate measles virus infection. Of note, the downregulation of seminal exosomes eca-miR-128 is associated with the long-term persistence of Equine arteritis virus (EAV) in the reproductive tract, and this particular miRNA is a putative regulator of chemokine ligand 16 (C-X-C motif) as determined by target prediction analysis. In this review, the latest information on the role and action mechanism of miR-128 in viral infections will be summarized and discussed in detail.
•miR-128 influences HIV-1 replication by interfering with TNPO3/CPSF6-dependent nuclear import of HIV-1 andviral replication.•In HIVE, inhibitory effect of miR-128a on SNAP25 was found.•Modulation of miR-128a shows downregulation in HCV replicon.•SOCS1 is targeted by apl-miR-128-3p in DHAV-3 infected duckling livers may indicate that miR-128 is involved in the IFN response.•miR-128 mediates measles virus infectivity through direct regulation of PVRL4.•Downregulation of SE eca-miR-128 is associated with long-term EAV persistence in the reproductive tract via CXCL16.