Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major cause of long-term disability. Incidence of Alzheimer’s disease increases with age. According to a recent report by WHO, there are approximately 47.5 million people suffering from dementia, with 7.7 million new cases each year. Acrolein is one of the key contributing factors to accelerate oxidative stress which then implicated AD. However, protection against neuronal damage remains a great challenge for researchers. Ficus carica (commonly known as fig) is a species of great antioxidant nutritional value comprising a protective mechanism against innumerable health disorders related to oxidative stress as well as AD. The purpose of this work was to characterise the bioactive metabolites in Ficus carica mesocarp against oxidative stress related AD. Crude extracts were prepared using several extraction methods to achieve non-polar layer. The isolated metabolites were tested on their effect on human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cell line by a cell viability test. Molecular weights of the active metabolites were determined via LC-HRESIMS, GC-EIMS, and multivariate analysis via SIMCA was performed. Structural elucidation and identification of the interested active metabolites were studied by 1-D and 2-D NMR. NMR profiling demonstrated that aliphatic compounds such as γ-sitosterol were found to induce neuronal bioactivity.