Abstract
Two efficient hetero-annulation protocols have been developed for the synthesis of stable substituted c-fused thiophene derivatives with moderate to high yield. 3-(2-formyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid esters afforded benzo[c] thiophenes in the presence of phosphorus pentasulfide in refluxing benzene while 3-(2-formyl-cycloalkenyl)alpha,beta-unsaturated esters resulted in the formation of c-fused thiophene derivatives when reacted with sodium sulfide in refluxing tetrahydrofuran.