Abstract
Background: Periradicular surgeries have been in practice as long as the mid-1800's. During the last 20 years, periradicular surgeries have evolved and is now used with the non-surgical root canal therapy. With the development of modern instruments and new materials, there is better understanding of the anatomy of the root canal and the root apex along with the process of healing of the wound, thus making root end surgeries more feasible.
Aim of Work: The aim of this study was to give an insight into the various aspects of periradicular surgeries.
Materials and methods: This review is comprehensive search of PUBMED, MEDLINE, and, EMBASE from year 1993 to 2018. The following search items were used: periradicular surgery, apicectomy, flaps in endodontics, root end cavity preparation, root end filling materials, surgical outcomes of apicectomy.
Conclusion: According to the literature reviewed for this article, periradicluar surgeries when planned properly with modern techniques like the use of microscopes and ultrasonics, yield a high rate of success. The outcome of periradicular surgery depends on the entire protocol of treatment including the flap design, the root end preparation and the root end filling material. When all the aspcets of the surgery are taken into account, a successful outcome can be achieved which will help retain teeth with persistent pathosis which would otherwise had been extracted.