Abstract
Simple Summary
Integrated pest management should use integrated or compatible control agents. Most of chemical pesticides have a negative effect on the natural enemies and beneficial microorganisms. Compatible bioagents as entomopathogenic fungi with the natural enemies could achieve higher control impact. Therefore, it is important to test the safety of entomopathogenic microorganisms on the entomophagous insects. The predatory coccinellids are the most effective predatory insect species where attack various insect pests and play very important role in biological pest control in different ecosystems. From these, Coccinella undecimpunctata and Hippodamia variegata are effective predators of various insect pests and widely distributed in different regions of Saudi Arabia. The present study aimed to estimate the pathogenicity of an indigenous Beauveria bassiana isolate on all developmental stages of the abovementioned predators. The obtained results generally showed there were no significant effects on both predator's mortality and most biological parameters as indirect assay also were not affected as survival, duration, adult longevity, and fecundity.
This study aimed to estimate the virulence of an indigenous Beauveria bassiana on all developmental stages of two indigenous coccinellids; Coccinella undecimpunctata and Hippodamia variegata through three application methods; direct spray, contact method, and feeding on aphids treated with the fungus (ingestion). Also, indirect effect on all developmental stages resulted from 1st larval instar treated with these application methods. All treatments were done with a concentration of 1 x 10(5) which was recommended in previous studies for different aphid species with a control of 0.02% Tween 80 (v/v). The mortality of 1st larval instar of both H. variegata and C. undecimpunctata and pupal stage of C. undecimpunctata were significantly increased with spray method only. Also, contact method achieved significantly higher mortality on 1st larval instar of C. undecimpunctata only. Regard to indirect effect, except of mortality of 1st larval instar of both predators and 2nd larval instar of H. variegata, other developmental instars/stages of both predators were not affected by B. bassiana through the three tested application methods in the mortality, duration, survival, cumulative survival male and female longevity, and fecundity. Therefore, both tested predatory coccinellids could be compatible with this indigenous isolate of B. bassiana where, in general, there are no negative effects of the fungus on both predators.