Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), and graphene oxide (GO) are three biocompatible materials. The antibacterial is the main characteristics of the produced TNC. Furthermore, the structural investigation was done by x-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The investigation showed inhibition in the growth of V2O5 and in contrast with HAP, where high growth was noticed. According to XRD data, the crystallite size of HAP was grown from 6 to 8.2 nm starting with the HAP composition to TNC. The nanorod shapes of HAP reached an average of 141 and 30 nm for length and diameter. In addition, the roughness average parameter (Ra) reached 47.5 nm. The microhardness has been evaluated. It started from 3.3 +/- 0.2 GPa for pure HAP and decreased to 2.9 +/- 0.3 GPa for the dual composite of HAP/V2O5, and improved to 4.1 +/- 0.2 GPa for the ternary combination of HAP/V2O5/GO. The biological response was represented in the cell viability measurements which increased from 96.5 +/- 4 to 99.7 +/- 5% at the final NC (TNC). In addition, the measurements were done toward the human osteoblast cell line in vitro. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was measured against negative gram and positive gram strains. The inhibition zone reached 17.1 +/- 1.5 and 16.3 +/- 1.4 mm against E. coli and S. aureus. The results refer to the ability to be suggested TNC for biomedical applications.