Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Christopher J. L. Murray; Charlton S. K. H. Callender; Xie Rachel Kulikoff; Vinay Srinivasan; Degu Abate; Kalkidan Hassen Abate; Solomon M. Abay; Nooshin Abbasi; Hedayat Abbastabar; Jemal Abdela; Ahmed Abdelalim; Omar Abdel-Rahman; Alireza Abdi; Nasrin Abdoli; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Haftom Temesgen Abebe; Molla Abebe; Zegeye Abebe; Teshome Abuka Abebo; Ayenew Negesse Abejie; Victor Aboyans; Haftom Niguse Abraha; Daisy M.X. Abreu; Aklilu Roba Abrham; Laith J. Abu-Raddad; Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Pawan Acharya; Abdu A Adamu; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji Adetokunboh; Beyene Meressa Adhena; Tara Ballav Adhikari; Mina G. Adib; Arsène Kouablan Adou; Jose C. Adsuar; Mohsen Afarideh; Ashkan Afshin; Gina Agarwal; Kareha M. Agesa; Sargis Aghasi Aghayan; Sutapa Agrawal; Alireza Ahmadi; Mehdi Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Sayem Ahmed; Amani Nidhal Aichour; Ibtihel Aichour; Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour; Ali S. Akanda; Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari; Mohammed Akibu; Rufus Olusola Akinyemi; Tomi F. Akinyemiju; Nadia Akseer; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al-Aly; Khurshid Alam; Animut Alebel; Alicia V. Aleman; Kefyalew Addis Alene; Ayman Al-Eyadhy; Raghib Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Reza Alizadeh-Navaei; Syed M. Aljunid; Ala'a Alkerwi; François Alla; Peter Allebeck; Ali Almasi; Jordi Alonso; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Ubai Alsharif; Khalid Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Azmeraw T. Amare; Walid Ammar; Nahla Anber; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Sofia Androudi; Megbaru Debalkie Animut; Hossein Ansari; Mustafa Geleto Ansha; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Olatunde Aremu; Habtamu Abera Areri; Nicholas Arian; Johan Ärnlöv; Al Artaman; Krishna Kumar Aryal; Hamid Asayesh; Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw; Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom; Reza Assadi; Tesfay Mehari Mehari Atey; Suleman Atique; Madhu S. Atteraya; Marcel Ausloos; Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Avokpaho; Ashish Awasthi; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Yohanes Ayele; Rakesh Ayer; Tambe Betrand Ayuk; Peter S. Azzopardi; Tesleem Kayode Babalola; Arefeh Babazadeh; Hamid Badali; Alaa Badawi; Ayele Geleto Bali; Maciej Banach; Suzanne L. Barker-Collo; Till Bärnighausen; Lope H. Barrero; Huda Basaleem; Quique Bassat; Arindam Basu; Bernhard T. Baune; Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes; Ettore Beghi; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Bayu Begashaw Bekele; Abate Bekele Belachew; Aregawi Gebreyesus Belay; Ezra Belay; Saba Abraham Belay; Yihalem Abebe Belay; Michelle L. Bell; Aminu K. Bello; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Gilles Bergeron; Adugnaw Berhane; Adam E. Berman; Eduardo Bernabe; Robert S. Bernstein; Gregory J. Bertolacci; Mircea Beuran; Suraj Bhattarai; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Belete Biadgo; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Nigus Bililign; Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed; Sait Mentes Birlik; Charles Birungi; Tuhin Biswas; Hailemichael Bizuneh; Archie Bleyer; Berrak Bora Basara; Cristina Bosetti; Soufiane Boufous; Oliver Jerome Brady; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Michael Brainin; Alexandra Brazinova; Nicholas J.K. Breitborde; Hermann Brenner; Jerry D. Brewer; Paul Svitil Briant; Gabrielle Britton; Roy Burstein; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Ismael Ricardo Campos-Nonato; Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon; Jorge Cano; Mate Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Juan Jesus Carrero; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Jacqueline Castillo Rivas; Franz Castro; Ferrán Catalá-López; Alanur Çavlin; Ester Cerin; Julian Chalek; Hsing-Yi Chang; Jung-Chen Chang; Aparajita Chattopadhyay; Pankaj Chaturvedi; Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang; Ken Lee Chin; Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa; Abdulaal Chitheer; Jee-Young J. Choi; Rajiv Chowdhury; Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher; Flavia M Cicuttini; Liliana G. Ciobanu; Massimo Cirillo; Rafael M. Claro; Daniel Collado-Mateo; Maria-Magdalena Constantin; Sara Conti; Cyrus Cooper; Leslie Trumbull Cooper; Leslie Cornaby; Paolo Angelo Cortesi; Monica Cortinovis; Megan Costa; Elizabeth A. Cromwell; Christopher Stephen Crowe; Petra Cukelj; Matthew Cunningham; Alemneh Kabeta Daba; Berihun Assefa Dachew; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Paul I Dargan; Ahmad Daryani; Rajat Das Gupta; José Das Neves; Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa; Aditya Prasad Dash; Nicole Davis Weaver; Dragos Virgil Davitoiu; Kairat Davletov; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Meaza Girma Degefa; Louisa Degenhardt; Tizta Tilahun Degfie; Selina Deiparine; Gebre Demoz; Balem Demtsu; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Nikolaos Dervenis; Don C. Des Jarlais; Getenet Ayalew Dessie; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Meghnath Dhimal; Daniel Dicker; Eric L Ding; Girmaye Deye Dinsa; Shirin Djalalinia; Huyen Phuc Do; Klara Dokova; David Teye Doku; Kate Dolan; Kerrie E Doyle; Tim R. Driscoll; Manisha Dubey; Eleonora Dubljanin; Eyasu Ejeta Duken; Andre R Duraes; Soheil Ebrahimpour; David Edvardsson; Charbel El Bcheraoui; Ziad El-Khatib; Iqbal Rf Elyazar; Ahmadali Enayati; Aman Yesuf Endries; Sergey Petrovich Ermakov; Babak Eshrati; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Reza Esmaeili; Alireza Esteghamati; Sadaf Esteghamati; Kara Estep; Hamed Fakhim; Tamer Farag; Mahbobeh Faramarzi; Mohammad Fareed; Carla Sofia Esá Farinha; André Faro; Maryam S Farvid; Farshad Farzadfar; Mohammad Hosein Farzaei; Kairsten A Fay; Mir Sohail Fazeli; Valery L. Feigin; Andrea B. Feigl; Fariba Feizy; Ama P. Fenny; Netsanet Fentahun; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Garumma Tolu Feyissa; Irina Filip; Samuel Finegold; Florian Fischer; Luisa Sorio Flor; Nataliya Foigt; Kyle J. Foreman; Carla Fornari; Thomas Fürst; Takeshi Fukumoto; John E. Fuller; Nancy Fullman; Emmanuela Gakidou; Silvano Gallus; Amiran Gamkrelidze; Morsaleh Ganji; Fortune Gbetoho Gankpe; Gregory M. Garcia; Miguel A. Garcia-Gordillo; Abadi Kahsu Gebre; Teshome Gebre; Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs; Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot; Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin; Tilayie Feto Gelano; Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw; Johanna M. Geleijnse; Ricard Genova-Maleras; Peter W. Gething; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami; Reza Ghadimi; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani; Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman; Hesam Ghiasvand; Mamata Ghimire; Aloke Gopal Ghoshal; Paramjit Singh Gill; Tiffany K Gill; Giorgia Giussani; Elena V Gnedovskaya; Srinivas Goli; Ricardo Santiago Gomez; Hector Gómez-Dantés; Philimon N. Gona; Amador Goodridge; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Alessandra Carvalho Goulart; Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Ayman Grada; Giuseppe Grosso; Harish Chander Gugnani; Jingwen Guo; Yuming Guo; Prakash C. Gupta; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Tanush Gupta; Juanita A. Haagsma; Vladimir Hachinski; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Tekleberhan B Hagos; Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Randah Ribhi Hamadeh; Samer Hamidi; Alexis J Handal; Graeme J. Hankey; Yuantao Hao; Hilda L. Harb; Hamidreza Haririan; Josep Maria Haro; Mehedi Hasan; Hadi Hassankhani; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Rasmus Havmoeller; Simon I. Hay; Yihua He; Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran; Mohamed I. Hegazy; Behzad Heibati; Behnam Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Andualem Henok; Nathaniel J. Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu; Michael K Hole; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Praveen Hoogar; H. Dean Hosgood; Seyed Mostafa Hosseini; Meimanat M. Hosseini Chavoshi; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Mohamed Hsairi; Thomas Hsiao; Guoqing Hu; John J. Huang; Kim Moesgaard Iburg; Ehimario Uche Igumbor; Chad Ikeda; Olayinka S. Ilesanmi; Usman Iqbal; Asnake Ararsa Irenso; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Oluwaseyi Oluwakemi Isehunwa; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Leila Jahangiry; Nader Jahanmehr; Sudhir Kumar Jain; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Moti Tolera Jalu; Spencer L. James; Simerjot K Jassal; Mehdi Javanbakht; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; John S Ji; Jost B. Jonas; Jacek Józwiak; Suresh Banayya Jungari; Mikk Jürisson; Zubair Kabir; Rajendra Kadel; Amaha Kahsay; Rizwan Kalani; Umesh Kapil; Manoochehr Karami; Behzad Karami Matin; André Karch; Corine Kakizi Karema; Seyed M. Karimi; Amir Kasaeian; Dessalegn Haile Kassa; Getachew Mullu Kassa; Tesfaye Dessale Kassa; Zemenu Yohannes Kassa; Nicholas J Kassebaum; Anshul Kastor; Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi; Anil Kaul; Norito Kawakami; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Seifu Kebede; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Grant Rodgers Kemp; Andre Pascal Kengne; Andre Keren; Maia Kereselidze; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Alireza Khajavi; Nauman Khalid; Ibrahim A. Khalil; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Muhammad Shahzeb Khan; Young-Ho Khang; Tripti Khanna; Mona M. Khater; Alireza Khatony; Zahra Khazaeipour; Habibolah Khazaie; Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah Khoja; Ardeshir Khosravi; Mohammad Hossein Khosravi; Getiye Dejenu Kibret; Zelalem Teklemariam Kidanemariam; Daniel Ngari Kiirithio; Paul Evan Kilgore; Daniel Kim; Jun Y. Kim; Young-Eun Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Yohannes Kinfu; Sanjay Kinra; Adnan Kisa; Mika Kivimäki; Sonali Kochhar; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Tufa Kolola; Jacek A. Kopec; Margaret N. Kosek; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Sanjay Krishnaswami; Kristopher J. Krohn; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Burcu Kucuk Bicer; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Pushpendra Kumar; Fekede Asefa Kumsa; Michael Kutz; Sheetal D Lad; Alessandra Lafranconi; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Ratilal Lalloo; Hilton Lam; Faris Hasan Lami; Justin J. Lang; Sonia Lansky; Van C. Lansingh; Dennis Odai Laryea; Zohra S. Lassi; Arman Latifi; Avula Laxmaiah; Jeffrey Victor Lazarus; James B. Lee; Paul H Lee; James Leigh; Cheru Tesema Leshargie; Samson Leta; Miriam Levi; Shanshan Li; Xiaohong Li; Yichong Li; Juan Liang; Xiaofeng Liang; Misgan Legesse Liben; Lee-Ling Lim; Miteku Andualem Limenih; Shai Linn; Shiwei Liu; Stefan Lorkowski; Paulo A. Lotufo; Rafael Lozano; Raimundas Lunevicius; Crispin Mabika Mabika; Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan; Mark T. Mackay; Fabiana Madotto; Tarek Abd Elaziz Mahmood; Narayan Bahadur Mahotra; Marek Majdan; Reza Majdzadeh; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Manzoor Ahmad Malik; Abdullah A. Mamun; Wondimu Ayele Manamo; Ana-Laura Manda; Srikanth Mangalam; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Lorenzo G. Mantovani; Chabila C. Mapoma; Dadi Marami; Joemer C Maravilla; Wagner Marcenes; Shakhnazarova Marina; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Winfried März; Melvin B Marzan; Tivani Phosa Mashamba-Thompson; Felix Masiye; Amanda J. Mason-Jones; Benjamin Ballard Massenburg; Manu Raj Mathur; Pallab K Maulik; Mohsen Mazidi; John J. McGrath; Suresh Mehata; Sanjay Madhav Mehendale; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Ravi Mehrotra; Saeed Mehrzadi; Kala M. Mehta; Varshil Mehta; Tefera C. Chane Mekonnen; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Kidanu Gebremariam Meles; Addisu Melese; Mulugeta Melku; Peter Memiah; Ziad A. Memish; Walter Mendoza; Melkamu Merid Mengesha; Desalegn Tadese Mengistu; Getnet Mengistu; George A. Mensah; Seid Tiku Mereta; Atte Meretoja; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Haftay Berhane Mezgebe; Yode Miangotar; Bartosz Miazgowski; Tomasz Miazgowski; Ted R. Miller; Molly Katherine Miller-Petrie; G.K. Mini; Parvaneh Mirabi; Andreea Mirica; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Awoke Misganaw; Babak Moazen; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Moslem Mohammadi; Noushin Mohammadifard; Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani; Mohammed A. Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H. Mokdad; Glen Liddell D. Mola; Mariam Molokhia; Lorenzo Monasta; Julio Cesar Montañez; Ghobad Moradi; Mahmoudreza Moradi; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Mehdi Moradinazar; Paula Moraga; Joana Morgado-Da-costa; Rintaro Mori; Shane D. Morrison; Abbas Mosapour; Marilita M Moschos; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Achenef Asmamaw Muche; Kindie Fentahun Muchie; Ulrich O. Mueller; Satinath Mukhopadhyay; Tasha B. Murphy; Kate Muller; Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy; Jonah Musa; Kamarul Imran Musa; Ghulam Mustafa; Saravanan Muthupandian; Jean B. Nachega; Gabriele Nagel; Mohsen Naghavi; Aliya Naheed; Azin Nahvijou; Gurudatta A. Naik; Paulami Naik; Farid Najafi; Luigi Naldi; Vinay Nangia; Jobert Richie Njingang Nansseu; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Haseeb Nawaz; Busisiwe P. Ncama; Nahid Neamati; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Subas Neupane; Charles R. Newton; Frida N. Ngalesoni; Josephine Wanjiku Ngunjiri; Grant Nguyen; Long Nguyen; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Yirga Legesse Nirayo; Muhammad Imran Nisar; Molly R. Nixon; Shuhei Nomura; Mehdi Noroozi; Jean Jacques N. Noubiap; Hamid Reza Nouri; Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh; Mohammad Reza Nowroozi; Alypio Nyandwi; Peter S Nyasulu; Christopher M Odell; Richard Ofori-Asenso; Okechukwu Samuel Ogah; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; In-Hwan Oh; Anselm Okoro; Olanrewaju Oladimeji; Andrew Toyin Olagunju; Tinuke Oluwasefunmi Olagunju; Pedro R. Olivares; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Sok King Ong; Alberto Ortiz; Aaron Osgood-Zimmerman; Erika Ota; Brenda Achieng Otieno; Stanislav S Otstavnov; Mayowa Ojo Owolabi; Abayomi Samuel Oyekale; P. Mahesh; Smita Pakhale; Abhijit P Pakhare; Adrian Pana; Basant Kumar Panda; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Achyut Raj Pandey; Eun-Kee Park; Hadi Parsian; Shanti Patel; Snehal T. Patil; Ajay Patle; George C. Patton; Vishnupriya Rao Paturi; Deepak Paudel; Marcel Moraes Pedroso; Emmanuel K. Peprah; David M. Pereira; Norberto Perico; Konrad Pesudovs; William A. Petri; Max Petzold; Maxwell Pierce; David M. Pigott; Julian David Pillay; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Guilherme V. Polanczyk; Maarten J. Postma; Farshad Pourmalek; Akram Pourshams; Hossein Poustchi; Swayam Prakash; Narayan Prasad; Caroline Purcell; Manorama B Purwar; Mostafa Qorbani; Reginald Quansah; Amir Radfar; Anwar Rafay; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Mahfuzar Rahman; Md Shafiur Rahman; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Sajjad Ur Rahman; Rajesh Kumar Rai; Fatemeh Rajati; Sasa Rajsic; Usha Ram; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Prabhat Ranjan; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Sarah E. Ray; Christian Aspacia Razo-García; Robert C. Reiner; Cesar Reis; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Andre M.N. Renzaho; Serge Resnikoff; Satar Rezaei; Shahab Rezaeian; Mohammad Sadegh Rezai; Seyed Mohammad Riahi; Maria Jesus Rios Blancas; Kedir Teji Roba; Nicholas L. S. Roberts; Leonardo Roever; Luca Ronfani; Gholamreza Roshandel; Ali Rostami; Enrico Rubagotti; George Mugambage Ruhago; Yogesh Damodar Sabde; Perminder S. Sachdev; Basema Saddik; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Hosein Safari; Yahya Safari; Roya Safari-Faramani; Mahdi Safdarian; Sare Safi; Saeid Safiri; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; Haniye Sadat Sajadi; Mohamadreza Salahshoor; Nasir Salam; Joseph Salama; Payman Salamati; Raphael De Freitas Saldanha; Zikria Saleem; Yahya Salimi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Joshua A. Salomon; Sundeep Santosh Salvi; Inbal Salz; Evanson Zondani Sambala; Abdallah M. Samy; Juan Ramon Sanabria; Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño; Itamar S. Santos; Milena M. Santric Milicevic; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Mayank Sardana; Abdur Razzaque Sarker; Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez; Satish Saroshe; Nizal Sarrafzadegan; Benn Sartorius; Shahabeddin Sarvi; Brijesh Sathian; Maheswar Satpathy; Arundhati R. Sawant; Monika Sawhney; Bo Norrving; Elke Schaeffner; Kathryn Schelonka; Ione J. C. Schneider; David C. Schwebel; Falk Schwendicke; Soraya Seedat; Mario Sekerija; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Edson E. Servan-Mori; Hosein Shabaninejad; Katya Anne Shackelford; Azadeh Shafieesabet; Amira A. Shaheen; Masood Ali Shaikh; Raad A. Shakir; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Mohammadbagher Shamsi; Morteza Shamsizadeh; Heidar Sharafi; Kiomars Sharafi; Mehdi Sharif; Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini; Jayendra Sharma; Rajesh Sharma; Jun She; Aziz Sheikh; Peilin Shi; Kenji Shibuya; Mika Shigematsu; Rahman Shiri; Reza Shirkoohi; Ivy Shiue; Farhad Shokraneh; Sharvari Rahul Shukla; Si Si; Soraya Siabani; Abla Mehio Sibai; Tariq J Siddiqi; Inga Dora Sigfusdottir; Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir; Naris Silpakit; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Joao Pedro Silva; Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira; Narayana Sarma Venkata Singam; Jasvinder A. Singh; Narinder Pal Singh; Virendra Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Karen Sliwa; Adauto Martins Soares Filho; Badr H.A. Sobaih; Soheila Sobhani; Moslem Soofi; Joan B. Soriano; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Vladimir I Starodubov; Caitlyn Steiner; Leo G. Stewart; Mark Andrew Stokes; Mark Strong; Michelle L Subart; Muawiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Gerhard Sulo; Bruno F. Sunguya; Patrick J. Sur; Ipsita Sutradhar; Bryan L. Sykes; P.N. Sylaja; Dillon O. Sylte; Cassandra E I Szoeke; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Karen M. Tabb; Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla; Nikhil Tandon; Aberash Abay Tassew; Segen Gebremeskel Tassew; Nuno Taveira; Nega Yimer Tawye; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Tigist Gashaw Tekalign; Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi; Manaye Yihune Teshale; Belay Tessema; Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin; J.S. Thakur; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Sathish Thirunavukkarasu; Nihal Thomas; Alan J. Thomson; Binyam Tilahun; Quyen G. To; Marcello Tonelli; Roman Topor-Madry; Anna Torre; Miguel Tortajada-Girbés; Marcos Roberto Tovani Palone; Hideaki Toyoshima; Bach Xuan Tran; Khanh Bao Tran; Srikanth Prasad Tripathy; Thomas Truelsen; Nu Thi Truong; Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik; Amanuel Tsegay; Nikolaos Tsilimparis; Lorainne Tudor Car; Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja; Irfan Ullah; Muhammad Shariq Usman; Olalekan A. Uthman; Selen Begüm Uzun; Muthiah Vaduganathan; Afsane Vaezi; Gaurang Vaidya; Pascual Rubén Valdez; Elena Varavikova; Santosh Varughese; Tommi Vasankari; Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Santos Villafaina; Francesco S Violante; Sergey K. Vladimirov; Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov; Stein Emil Vollset; Theo Vos; Kia Vosoughi; Isidora S Vujcic; Fasil Wagnew; Yasir Waheed; Judd L. Walson; Yanping Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Elisabete Weiderpass; Robert G. Weintraub; Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs; Andrea Werdecker; Ronny Westerman; Harvey A. Whiteford; Justyna Widecka; Katarzyna Widecka; Tissa Wijeratne; Andrea Sylvia Winkler; Charles Shey Wiysonge; Charles D.A. Wolfe; Shouling Wu; Grant M.A. Wyper; Gelin Xu; Tomohide Yamada; Yuichiro Yano; Yasin Jemal Yasin; Pengpeng Ye; Gökalp Kadri Yentür; Alex Yeshaneh; Ebrahim Mohammed; Paul Yip; Engida Yisma; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Marcel Yotebieng; Mustafa Z. Younis; Mahmoud Yousefifard; Chuanhua Yu; Vesna Zadnik; Zoubida Zaidi; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Zohreh Zare; Mulugeta Molla Zeleke; Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe; Taddese Alemu Zerfu; Xueying Zhang; Xiu-Ju Zhao; Maigeng Zhou; Jun Zhu; Stephanie R.M. Zimsen; Sanjay Zodpey; Leo Zoeckler; Alan D. Lopez; Stephen S. Lim; GBD 2017 Population and Fertility Collaborators

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32278-5

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Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Christopher J. L. Murray, Charlton S. K. H. Callender, Xie Rachel Kulikoff, Vinay Srinivasan, Degu Abate, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Solomon M. Abay, Nooshin Abbasi, Hedayat Abbastabar, Jemal Abdela, …

The Lancet (British edition), Vol.392(10159), pp.1995-2051

2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32278-5

PMCID: PMC6227915

PMID: 30496106

Abstract

Environmental Health and Occupational Health

Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi

Gerontologi, medicinsk/hälsovetenskaplig inriktning

Gerontology, specialising in Medical and Health Sciences

Miljömedicin och yrkesmedicin

Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology

Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Title: Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Creators - without role: Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
Charlton S. K. H. Callender - University of Washington
Xie Rachel Kulikoff - University of Washington
Vinay Srinivasan - University of Washington
Degu Abate - Haramaya University
Kalkidan Hassen Abate - Jimma University
Solomon M. Abay - Novartis
Nooshin Abbasi - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hedayat Abbastabar - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Jemal Abdela - School of Pharmacy, United States
Ahmed Abdelalim - Cairo University
Omar Abdel-Rahman - University of Calgary
Alireza Abdi - Faculty
Nasrin Abdoli - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Ibrahim Abdollahpour - Arak University of Medical Sciences
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Haftom Temesgen Abebe - College of Health Sciences, Iran
Molla Abebe - Armauer Hansen Research Institute
Zegeye Abebe - Human Nutrition Department, Ethiopia
Teshome Abuka Abebo - College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ethiopia
Ayenew Negesse Abejie - Debre Markos University
Victor Aboyans - Hôpital Dupuytren
Haftom Niguse Abraha - Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Iran
Daisy M.X. Abreu - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Aklilu Roba Abrham - Haramaya University
Laith J. Abu-Raddad - Weill Cornell Medicine
Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh - Birzeit University
Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi - Bénin Clinical Research Institute, Benin
Pawan Acharya - Nepal Development Society, Nepal
Abdu A Adamu - University of South Africa
Oladimeji M. Adebayo - University College Hospital, Nigeria
Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji - Olabisi Onabanjo University
Victor Adekanmbi - Cardiff University
Olatunji Adetokunboh - University of South Africa
Beyene Meressa Adhena - School of Public Health, United States
Tara Ballav Adhikari - Center for Social Science and Public Health Research Nepal, Nepal
Mina G. Adib - Saint Mark Hospital, Egypt
Arsène Kouablan Adou - Ivorian Association for Family Welfare, Cote d'Ivoire
Jose C. Adsuar - Universidad de Extremadura
Mohsen Afarideh - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ashkan Afshin - University of Washington
Gina Agarwal - McMaster University
Kareha M. Agesa - University of Washington
Sargis Aghasi Aghayan - Yerevan State University
Sutapa Agrawal - Public Health Foundation of India
Alireza Ahmadi - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Mehdi Ahmadi - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Muktar Beshir Ahmed - Jimma University
Sayem Ahmed - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research
Amani Nidhal Aichour - University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Ibtihel Aichour - University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour - High National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algeria
Ali S. Akanda - University of Rhode Island
Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari - Cancer Research Center, Iran
Mohammed Akibu - Debre Berhan University
Rufus Olusola Akinyemi - University of Ibadan
Tomi F. Akinyemiju - University of Kentucky
Nadia Akseer - University of Toronto
Fares Alahdab - Winneshiek Medical Center
Ziyad Al-Aly - Washington University in St. Louis
Khurshid Alam - University of Western Australia
Animut Alebel - Debre Markos University
Alicia V. Aleman - Universidad de la República
Kefyalew Addis Alene - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Ayman Al-Eyadhy - Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Saudi Arabia
Raghib Ali - New York University Abu Dhabi
Mehran Alijanzadeh - Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Reza Alizadeh-Navaei - Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Iran
Syed M. Aljunid - University of Kuwait, Kuwait
Ala'a Alkerwi - Luxembourg Institute of Health
François Alla - University of Bordeaux
Peter Allebeck - Karolinska Institutet
Ali Almasi - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Jordi Alonso - Hospital Del Mar
Rajaa Al-Raddadi - King Abdulaziz University
Ubai Alsharif - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Khalid Altirkawi - King Saud University
Nelson Alvis-Guzman - University of Cartagena
Azmeraw T. Amare - Bahir Dar University
Walid Ammar - Federal Ministry of Health, Lebanon
Nahla Anber - Faculty
Catalina Liliana Andrei - Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Sofia Androudi - University of Thessaly
Megbaru Debalkie Animut - Arba Minch University
Hossein Ansari - Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Mustafa Geleto Ansha - Debre Berhan University
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio - University of the Philippines Manila
Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah - Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Olatunde Aremu - Birmingham City University
Habtamu Abera Areri - Hawassa University
Nicholas Arian - University of Washington
Johan Ärnlöv - Karolinska Institutet
Al Artaman - University of Manitoba
Krishna Kumar Aryal - Abt Associates Nepal, Nepal
Hamid Asayesh - School of Paramedical, Iran
Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw - Institute of Biomedical Science, Ethiopia
Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom - School of Pharmacy, United States
Reza Assadi - Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Tesfay Mehari Mehari Atey - School of Pharmacy, United States
Suleman Atique - University of Lahore
Madhu S. Atteraya - Keimyung University
Marcel Ausloos - University of Leicester
Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Avokpaho - Bénin Clinical Research Institute, Benin
Ashish Awasthi - Indian Institute of Public Health, India
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla - La Trobe University
Yohanes Ayele - School of Pharmacy, United States
Rakesh Ayer - The University of Tokyo
Tambe Betrand Ayuk - Plant
Peter S. Azzopardi - Bahir Dar University
Tesleem Kayode Babalola - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Arefeh Babazadeh - Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Iran
Hamid Badali - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Alaa Badawi - University of Toronto
Ayele Geleto Bali - School of Public Health, United States
Maciej Banach - Medical University of Lodz
Suzanne L. Barker-Collo - University of Auckland
Till Bärnighausen - Heidelberg University, Germany
Lope H. Barrero - School of Engineering, Colombia
Huda Basaleem - University of Aden
Quique Bassat - Universitat de Barcelona
Arindam Basu - University of Canterbury
Bernhard T. Baune - Melbourne Medical School, Australia
Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes - University of Gondar
Ettore Beghi - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
Masoud Behzadifar - Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran
Meysam Behzadifar - Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Bayu Begashaw Bekele - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Abate Bekele Belachew - School of Public Health, United States
Aregawi Gebreyesus Belay - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Ezra Belay - Mekelle University
Saba Abraham Belay - Tewelde Legesse Health Sciences College, Ethiopia
Yihalem Abebe Belay - Debre Markos University
Michelle L. Bell - Yale University
Aminu K. Bello - University of Alberta
Derrick A. Bennett - Nuffield Department of Population Health, United Kingdom
Isabela M. Bensenor - University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
Gilles Bergeron - New York Academy of Sciences, United States
Adugnaw Berhane - School of Public Health, United States
Adam E. Berman - Augusta University
Eduardo Bernabe - King's College London
Robert S. Bernstein - Emory University
Gregory J. Bertolacci - University of Washington
Mircea Beuran - Amita Health St. Mary's Hospital
Suraj Bhattarai
Soumyadeep Bhaumik - George Institute for Global Health
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta - University of Toronto
Belete Biadgo - University of Gondar
Ali Bijani - Centers for New Horizons
Boris Bikbov - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
Nigus Bililign - Woldia University
Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed - Australian National University, Australia
Sait Mentes Birlik - University of Bologna
Charles Birungi - University College London
Tuhin Biswas - A.T. Still University
Hailemichael Bizuneh - St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College
Archie Bleyer - University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA
Berrak Bora Basara - Directorate of Health
Cristina Bosetti - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
Soufiane Boufous - UNSW Sydney
Oliver Jerome Brady
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi - University of Genoa
Michael Brainin - Universität für Weiterbildung Krems
Alexandra Brazinova - Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
Nicholas J.K. Breitborde - The Ohio State University
Hermann Brenner - German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
Jerry D. Brewer - Mayo Clinic, United States
Paul Svitil Briant - University of Washington
Gabrielle Britton - Neuroscience Department, Panama
Roy Burstein - University of Washington
Reinhard Busse - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Zahid A. Butt - School of Population and Public Health, Canada
Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado - Center for Health Systems Research, Mexico
Ismael Ricardo Campos-Nonato - National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon - National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
Jorge Cano
Mate Car - Ministry of Health, Turkey
Rosario Cárdenas - Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico
Juan Jesus Carrero - Karolinska Institutet
Felix Carvalho - Universidade do Porto
Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela - National Institutes of Health
Jacqueline Castillo Rivas - Dirección Actuarial, Costa Rica
Franz Castro - Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama
Ferrán Catalá-López - Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
Alanur Çavlin - Hacettepe University
Ester Cerin - School of Public Health, United States
Julian Chalek - University of Washington
Hsing-Yi Chang - National Health Research Institutes
Jung-Chen Chang - College of Medicine, Taiwan
Aparajita Chattopadhyay - International Institute for Population Sciences
Pankaj Chaturvedi - Tata Memorial Hospital
Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang - Gold Coast Health
Ken Lee Chin - Monash University
Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa - University of Zambia
Abdulaal Chitheer - Ministry of Health, Turkey
Jee-Young J. Choi - Biochemistry, South Korea
Rajiv Chowdhury - University of Cambridge
Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher - Christian Medical College
Flavia M Cicuttini - Monash University
Liliana G. Ciobanu - University of Adelaide
Massimo Cirillo - University of Salerno
Rafael M. Claro - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Daniel Collado-Mateo - Universidad de Extremadura
Maria-Magdalena Constantin - 2nd Department of Dermatology, Egypt
Sara Conti - University of Milano-Bicocca
Cyrus Cooper - Oxford Biomedical Research
Leslie Trumbull Cooper - Mayo Clinic
Leslie Cornaby - University of Washington
Paolo Angelo Cortesi - University of Milano-Bicocca
Monica Cortinovis - Arizona State University
Megan Costa - Arizona State University
Elizabeth A. Cromwell - University of Washington
Christopher Stephen Crowe - University of Washington
Petra Cukelj - Croatian Institute of Public Health, Croatia
Matthew Cunningham - University of Washington
Alemneh Kabeta Daba - College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ethiopia
Berihun Assefa Dachew - School of Public Health, United States
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - University of Washington
Paul I Dargan - King's College London
Ahmad Daryani - Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Iran
Rajat Das Gupta - James P Grant School of Public Health, Bangladesh
José Das Neves - Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis
Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa - Hawassa University
Aditya Prasad Dash - Central University of Tamil Nadu
Nicole Davis Weaver - University of Washington
Dragos Virgil Davitoiu - Kazakh National Medical University
Kairat Davletov - Kazakh National Medical University
Diego De Leo - Griffith University
Jan-Walter De Neve - Heidelberg University
Meaza Girma Degefa - UNSW Sydney
Louisa Degenhardt - University of Washington
Tizta Tilahun Degfie - African Population Health Research Centre, Kenya
Selina Deiparine - University of Washington
Gebre Demoz - Addis Ababa University
Balem Demtsu - Mekelle University
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez - Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Mexico
Kebede Deribe - School of Public Health, United States
Nikolaos Dervenis - Aintree University Hospital
Don C. Des Jarlais - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Getenet Ayalew Dessie - University of Peradeniya
Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne - University of Washington
Meghnath Dhimal - Nepal Health Research Council
Daniel Dicker - University of Washington
Eric L Ding - Harvard University
Girmaye Deye Dinsa - Harvard University
Shirin Djalalinia - University of Washington
Huyen Phuc Do - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Klara Dokova - Medical University of Varna
David Teye Doku - University of Cape Coast
Kate Dolan - UNSW Sydney
Kerrie E Doyle - RMIT University
Tim R. Driscoll - University of Sydney
Manisha Dubey - World Food Programme
Eleonora Dubljanin - University of Belgrade
Eyasu Ejeta Duken - Jimma University
Andre R Duraes - Universidade Federal da Bahia
Soheil Ebrahimpour - Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Iran
David Edvardsson - La Trobe University
Charbel El Bcheraoui - University of Washington
Ziad El-Khatib - Karolinska Institutet
Iqbal Rf Elyazar - Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology
Ahmadali Enayati - School of Public Health, United States
Aman Yesuf Endries - St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College
Sergey Petrovich Ermakov - Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
Babak Eshrati - Center of Communicable Disease Control, Iran
Sharareh Eskandarieh - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Reza Esmaeili - Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
Alireza Esteghamati - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Sadaf Esteghamati - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Kara Estep - University of Washington
Hamed Fakhim - Urmia University
Tamer Farag - University of Washington
Mahbobeh Faramarzi - Babol University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Fareed - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University
Carla Sofia Esá Farinha - Statistics Korea
André Faro - Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil
Maryam S Farvid - Harvard University
Farshad Farzadfar - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Hosein Farzaei - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Kairsten A Fay - University of Washington
Mir Sohail Fazeli - Evidence
Valery L. Feigin - University of Washington
Andrea B. Feigl - Harvard University
Fariba Feizy - Sarem Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Iran
Ama P. Fenny - University of Ghana
Netsanet Fentahun - Bahar Dar University, Ethiopia
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad - The Neurological Institute
Eduarda Fernandes - Universidade do Porto
Garumma Tolu Feyissa - Jimma University
Irina Filip - Kaiser Permanente
Samuel Finegold - University of Washington
Florian Fischer - Bielefeld University
Luisa Sorio Flor - Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública
Nataliya Foigt - Academy of Medical Science, Ukraine
Kyle J. Foreman - University of Washington
Carla Fornari - University of Milano-Bicocca
Thomas Fürst - Epidemiology and Public Health, Switzerland
Takeshi Fukumoto - Cancer Institute (W.I.A.), United States
John E. Fuller - University of Washington
Nancy Fullman - University of Washington
Emmanuela Gakidou - University of Washington
Silvano Gallus - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
Amiran Gamkrelidze - National Centre for Disease Control, Georgia
Morsaleh Ganji - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Fortune Gbetoho Gankpe - Laboratory of Studies and Research-Action in Health, Benin
Gregory M. Garcia - University of Washington
Miguel A. Garcia-Gordillo - University of Chile
Abadi Kahsu Gebre - School of Pharmacy, United States
Teshome Gebre - The Task Force for Global Health
Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs - School of Public Health, United States
Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot - Jimma University
Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin - Jimma University
Tilayie Feto Gelano - Haramaya University
Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Johanna M. Geleijnse - Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands
Ricard Genova-Maleras - Regional Health Council, Spain
Peter W. Gething - Library Am Guisanplatz
Kebede Embaye Gezae - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami - Sleep Disorders Research Center, Iran
Reza Ghadimi - Health Research Institute, Iran
Keyghobad Ghadiri - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani - Iran University of Science and Technology
Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman - Health Research Institute, Iran
Hesam Ghiasvand - Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Iran
Mamata Ghimire - University of Tsukuba
Aloke Gopal Ghoshal - National Allergy Asthma Bronchitis Institute
Paramjit Singh Gill - University of Warwick
Tiffany K Gill - University of Adelaide
Giorgia Giussani - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
Elena V Gnedovskaya - Research Center of Neurology
Srinivas Goli - International Institute for Population Sciences
Ricardo Santiago Gomez - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Hector Gómez-Dantés - Center for Health Systems Research, Mexico
Philimon N. Gona - University of Massachusetts Boston
Amador Goodridge - Tuberculosis Biomarker Research Unit, Panama
Sameer Vali Gopalani - University of Oklahoma
Alessandra Carvalho Goulart - University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
Ayman Grada - Boston University
Giuseppe Grosso - University of Catania
Harish Chander Gugnani - Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla
Jingwen Guo - University of Washington
Yuming Guo - Monash University
Prakash C. Gupta - Harvard School of Public Health, United States
Rahul Gupta - West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, United States
Rajeev Gupta - Rajasthan University of Health Sciences
Tanush Gupta - Montefiore Medical Center
Juanita A. Haagsma - Erasmus University Rotterdam
Vladimir Hachinski - Western University, Canada
Nima Hafezi-Nejad - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tekleberhan B Hagos - Anatomy Unit, Iran
Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis - Haramaya University
Gessessew Bugssa Hailu - Biomedical Sciences Division, Iran
Arvin Haj-Mirzaian - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Arya Haj-Mirzaian - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Randah Ribhi Hamadeh - Arabian Gulf University
Samer Hamidi - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
Alexis J Handal - University of New Mexico, USA
Graeme J. Hankey - University of Western Australia
Yuantao Hao - Sun Yat-sen University
Hilda L. Harb - Ministry of Public Health, Lebanon
Hamidreza Haririan - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Josep Maria Haro - San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Spain
Mehedi Hasan - James P Grant School of Public Health, Bangladesh
Hadi Hassankhani - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Hamid Yimam Hassen - University of Ha'il
Rasmus Havmoeller - Karolinska University Hospital
Simon I. Hay - University of Washington
Yihua He - University of Washington
Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Mohamed I. Hegazy - Cairo University
Behzad Heibati - AIR
Behnam Heidari - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Delia Hendrie - Curtin University
Andualem Henok - Mizan Tepi University
Nathaniel J. Henry - University of Washington
Claudiu Herteliu - Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Fatemeh Heydarpour - Faculty
Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu - Hawassa University
Michael K Hole - The University of Texas at Austin
Enayatollah Homaie Rad - Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Praveen Hoogar - Manipal Academy of Higher Education
H. Dean Hosgood - American University of Beirut
Seyed Mostafa Hosseini - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Meimanat M. Hosseini Chavoshi - University of Western Australia
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh - Tehran, Iran
Mihaela Hostiuc - Amita Health St. Mary's Hospital
Sorin Hostiuc - Victor
Mohamed Hsairi - Medicine School of Tunis, Tunisia
Thomas Hsiao - University of Washington
Guoqing Hu - Central South University, China
John J. Huang - Yale University
Kim Moesgaard Iburg - Aarhus University
Ehimario Uche Igumbor - University of the Western Cape
Chad Ikeda - University of Washington
Olayinka S. Ilesanmi - University of Liberia
Usman Iqbal - Taipei Medical University
Asnake Ararsa Irenso - School of Public Health, United States
Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Oluwaseyi Oluwakemi Isehunwa - Boston University
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - University of Sydney
Leila Jahangiry - Health Education and Health Promotion Department, Iran
Nader Jahanmehr - Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Ethiopia
Sudhir Kumar Jain - National Centre For Disease Control Delhi, India
Mihajlo Jakovljevic - University of Kragujevac
Moti Tolera Jalu - Haramaya University
Spencer L. James - University of Washington
Simerjot K Jassal - Department of Internal Medicine, United States
Mehdi Javanbakht - Newcastle University
Achala Upendra Jayatilleke - University of Colombo
Panniyammakal Jeemon - Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, India
Ravi Prakash Jha - Banaras Hindu University
Vivekanand Jha - University of Oxford
John S Ji - Duke Kunshan University
Jost B. Jonas - Heidelberg University
Jacek Józwiak - Częstochowa University of Technology
Suresh Banayya Jungari - Savitribai Phule Pune University
Mikk Jürisson - University of Tartu
Zubair Kabir - University College Cork
Rajendra Kadel - London School of Economics and Political Science
Amaha Kahsay - Mekelle University
Rizwan Kalani - University of Washington
Umesh Kapil - A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, India
Manoochehr Karami - Hamedan University of Medical Sciences
Behzad Karami Matin - Faculty of Public Health
André Karch - Helmholtz Center, Germany
Corine Kakizi Karema - Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
Seyed M. Karimi - University of Washington
Amir Kasaeian - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Dessalegn Haile Kassa - Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Ethiopia
Getachew Mullu Kassa - College of Health Sciences, Iran
Tesfaye Dessale Kassa - Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Iran
Zemenu Yohannes Kassa - Hawassa University
Nicholas J Kassebaum - University of Washington
Anshul Kastor - International Institute for Population Sciences
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi - University of Glasgow
Anil Kaul - Oklahoma State University
Norito Kawakami - The University of Tokyo
Ali Kazemi Karyani - Faculty of Public Health
Seifu Kebede - Salale University, Ethiopia
Peter Njenga Keiyoro - University of Nairobi
Grant Rodgers Kemp - University of Washington
Andre Pascal Kengne - South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), South Africa
Andre Keren - Assuta Hospital, Israel
Maia Kereselidze - National Centre for Disease Control, Georgia
Yousef Saleh Khader - Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan
Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Alireza Khajavi - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Nauman Khalid - University of Management and Technology, Pakistan
Ibrahim A. Khalil - University of Washington
Ejaz Ahmad Khan - Health Services Academy, Pakistan
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan - John H Stroger, United States
Young-Ho Khang - Seoul National University
Tripti Khanna - Jawaharlal Nehru University
Mona M. Khater - Cairo University
Alireza Khatony - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Zahra Khazaeipour - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Habibolah Khazaie - Affiliation unknown, Sweden
Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah Khoja - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University
Ardeshir Khosravi - Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Iran
Mohammad Hossein Khosravi - Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
Getiye Dejenu Kibret - College of Health Sciences, Ethiopia
Zelalem Teklemariam Kidanemariam - University of Washington
Daniel Ngari Kiirithio - Kenya Revenue Authority, Kenya
Paul Evan Kilgore - Wayne State University
Daniel Kim - Northeastern University, United States
Jun Y. Kim - University of Washington
Young-Eun Kim - Korea University, South Korea
Yun Jin Kim - Xiamen University Malaysia
Ruth W. Kimokoti - Simmons University
Yohannes Kinfu - University of Canberra
Sanjay Kinra
Adnan Kisa - University of Oslo
Mika Kivimäki - University of Helsinki
Sonali Kochhar - University of Washington
Yoshihiro Kokubo - National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
Tufa Kolola - Debre Berhan University
Jacek A. Kopec - University of British Columbia
Margaret N. Kosek - Johns Hopkins University
Soewarta Kosen - Affiliation unknown, Sweden
Parvaiz A. Koul - Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences
Ai Koyanagi - San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Spain
Kewal Krishan - Panjab University
Sanjay Krishnaswami - Oregon Health and Science University, United States
Kristopher J. Krohn - University of Washington
Barthelemy Kuate Defo - Université de Montréal
Burcu Kucuk Bicer - Hacettepe University
G. Anil Kumar - Public Health Foundation of India
Manasi Kumar - UCL Australia
Pushpendra Kumar - International Institute for Population Sciences
Fekede Asefa Kumsa - School of Public Health, United States
Michael Kutz - University of Washington
Sheetal D Lad - Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
Alessandra Lafranconi - University of Milano-Bicocca
Dharmesh Kumar Lal - Public Health Foundation of India
Ratilal Lalloo - University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica
Hilton Lam - National Institutes of Health
Faris Hasan Lami - Academy of Medical Science, Iraq
Justin J. Lang - Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
Sonia Lansky - Municipal Health Department of Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Van C. Lansingh - Inc., United States
Dennis Odai Laryea - Ghana Health Service
Zohra S. Lassi - University of Adelaide
Arman Latifi - Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Avula Laxmaiah - Indian Council of Medical Research, India
Jeffrey Victor Lazarus - Universitat de Barcelona
James B. Lee - University of Washington
Paul H Lee - Hong Kong Polytechnic University
James Leigh - Asbestos Diseases Research Institute
Cheru Tesema Leshargie - Debre Markos University
Samson Leta - Addis Ababa University
Miriam Levi - Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre, Italy
Shanshan Li - Monash University
Xiaohong Li - West China Hospital, China
Yichong Li - Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, China
Juan Liang - National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, China
Xiaofeng Liang - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
Misgan Legesse Liben - Samara University, Russia
Lee-Ling Lim - University of Malaya, Malaysia
Miteku Andualem Limenih - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Shai Linn - University of Haifa
Shiwei Liu - Centre for Chronic Disease Control
Stefan Lorkowski - Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Paulo A. Lotufo - University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
Rafael Lozano - University of Washington
Raimundas Lunevicius - NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
Crispin Mabika Mabika - University of Kinshasa
Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan - University of the Philippines Manila
Mark T. Mackay - School of Health Sciences, Australia
Fabiana Madotto - University of Milano-Bicocca
Tarek Abd Elaziz Mahmood - Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt
Narayan Bahadur Mahotra - Tribhuvan University
Marek Majdan - Department of Public Health, Slovakia
Reza Majdzadeh - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Azeem Majeed - Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom
Reza Malekzadeh - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Manzoor Ahmad Malik - International Institute for Population Sciences
Abdullah A. Mamun - Institute for Social Science Research, Australia
Wondimu Ayele Manamo - School of Public Health, United States
Ana-Laura Manda - Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Srikanth Mangalam - Public Risk Management Institute, Canada
Mohammad Ali Mansournia - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Lorenzo G. Mantovani - University of Milano-Bicocca
Chabila C. Mapoma - University of Zambia
Dadi Marami - Haramaya University
Joemer C Maravilla - School of Public Health, Australia
Wagner Marcenes - King's College London
Shakhnazarova Marina - Medical Statistics, United States
Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo - Science and Technology of Ceará, Brazil
Winfried März - Heidelberg University, Germany
Melvin B Marzan - Graduate School, Philippines
Tivani Phosa Mashamba-Thompson - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Felix Masiye - University of Washington
Amanda J. Mason-Jones - University of York, United Kingdom
Benjamin Ballard Massenburg - University of Washington
Manu Raj Mathur - Public Health Foundation of India
Pallab K Maulik - The George Institute for Global Health
Mohsen Mazidi - Chalmers University of Technology
John J. McGrath - University of Queensland
Suresh Mehata - Ipas Nepal, Nepal
Sanjay Madhav Mehendale - Indian Council of Medical Research, India
Man Mohan Mehndiratta - Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society, India
Ravi Mehrotra - National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, India
Saeed Mehrzadi - Pharmacology Department, Iran
Kala M. Mehta - University of California, USA
Varshil Mehta - Sevenhills Hospital, India
Tefera C. Chane Mekonnen - Wollo University
Hagazi Gebre Meles - Mekelle University
Kidanu Gebremariam Meles - Mekelle University
Addisu Melese - Debre Tabor University
Mulugeta Melku - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Peter Memiah - University of West Florida, United States
Ziad A. Memish - Saudi Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
Walter Mendoza - United Nations Population Fund
Melkamu Merid Mengesha - Haramaya University
Desalegn Tadese Mengistu - School of Medicine, Ethiopia
Getnet Mengistu - School of Pharmacy, United States
George A. Mensah - University of Cape Town
Seid Tiku Mereta - Jimma University
Atte Meretoja - School of Health Sciences, Australia
Tuomo J. Meretoja - University of Helsinki
Tomislav Mestrovic - Dr Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Croatia
Haftay Berhane Mezgebe - Ethiopian Academy of Medical Science, Ethiopia
Yode Miangotar - University of N'Djamena
Bartosz Miazgowski - Saint Mark Hospital, Egypt
Tomasz Miazgowski - Medical University of Lodz
Ted R. Miller - Curtin University
Molly Katherine Miller-Petrie - University of Washington
G.K. Mini - Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, India
Parvaneh Mirabi - Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Center, Iran
Andreea Mirica - National Institute of Statistics
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov - Kyrgyz State Medical Academy
Awoke Misganaw - University of Washington
Babak Moazen - Heidelberg University, Germany
Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad - Salahaddin University, Iraq
Moslem Mohammadi - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Noushin Mohammadifard - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammed A. Mohammed - Jigjiga University
Shafiu Mohammed - Heidelberg University
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Glen Liddell D. Mola - University of Papua New Guinea
Mariam Molokhia - King's College London
Lorenzo Monasta - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Italy
Julio Cesar Montañez - National Health Research Institutes
Ghobad Moradi - Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Mahmoudreza Moradi - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh - Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran
Mehdi Moradinazar - School of Public Health, Iran
Paula Moraga - Lancaster University
Joana Morgado-Da-costa - Hospital Center of Porto, Portugal
Rintaro Mori - National Center For Child Health and Development
Shane D. Morrison - University of Washington
Abbas Mosapour - Babol University of Medical Sciences
Marilita M Moschos - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Seyyed Meysam Mousavi - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Achenef Asmamaw Muche - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Kindie Fentahun Muchie - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Ulrich O. Mueller - Federal Institute for Population Research
Satinath Mukhopadhyay - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, India
Tasha B. Murphy - University of Washington
Kate Muller - University of Washington
Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy - Indian Institute of Public Health - Hyderabad, India
Jonah Musa - University of Jos
Kamarul Imran Musa - University of Science, Malaysia, Malaysia
Ghulam Mustafa - Nishtar Medical University, Pakistan
Saravanan Muthupandian - Mekelle University
Jean B. Nachega - Johns Hopkins University
Gabriele Nagel - University of Ulm
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
Aliya Naheed - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research
Azin Nahvijou - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Gurudatta A. Naik - University of Alabama
Paulami Naik - University of Washington
Farid Najafi - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Luigi Naldi - San Bortolo Hospital, Italy
Vinay Nangia - Suraj Eye Institute
Jobert Richie Njingang Nansseu - Ministry of Public Health, Lebanon
Bruno Ramos Nascimento - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Haseeb Nawaz - Sisters of Mercy Health System
Busisiwe P. Ncama - University of Lagos
Nahid Neamati - Babol University of Medical Sciences
Ionut Negoi - Anatomy and Embryology Department, Egypt
Ruxandra Irina Negoi - Cardio-Aid, Romania
Subas Neupane - University of Tampere
Charles R. Newton - University of Oxford
Frida N. Ngalesoni - Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania
Josephine Wanjiku Ngunjiri - University of Embu
Grant Nguyen - University of Washington
Long Nguyen - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Trang Huyen Nguyen - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum - Taipei Medical University
Yirga Legesse Nirayo - Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Iran
Muhammad Imran Nisar - Aga Khan University, Pakistan
Molly R. Nixon - University of Washington
Shuhei Nomura - The University of Tokyo
Mehdi Noroozi - University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Jean Jacques N. Noubiap - University of Cape Town
Hamid Reza Nouri - Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Iran
Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Reza Nowroozi - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Alypio Nyandwi - Rwanda Ministry of Health, Rwanda
Peter S Nyasulu - University of South Africa
Christopher M Odell - University of Washington
Richard Ofori-Asenso - Monash University
Okechukwu Samuel Ogah - University College Hospital, Nigeria
Felix Akpojene Ogbo - Western Sydney University
In-Hwan Oh - Kyung Hee University
Anselm Okoro - Measurement, Nigeria
Olanrewaju Oladimeji - Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa
Andrew Toyin Olagunju - University of Lagos
Tinuke Oluwasefunmi Olagunju - McMaster University
Pedro R. Olivares - University of Chile
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya - Healthy Start
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya - Healthy Start
Sok King Ong - Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam
Alberto Ortiz - Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain
Aaron Osgood-Zimmerman - University of Washington
Erika Ota - St. Luke's International University
Brenda Achieng Otieno - Monitoring and Evaluation, Kenya
Stanislav S Otstavnov - Lomonosov Moscow State University
Mayowa Ojo Owolabi - University of Ibadan
Abayomi Samuel Oyekale - University of South Africa
P. Mahesh - JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, India
Smita Pakhale - University of Ottawa
Abhijit P Pakhare - All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Adrian Pana - Center for Health Outcomes and Evaluation, Romania
Basant Kumar Panda - International Institute for Population Sciences
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas - Heidelberg University, Germany
Achyut Raj Pandey - Nepal Health Research Council
Eun-Kee Park - College of Medicine, South Korea
Hadi Parsian - Babol University of Medical Sciences
Shanti Patel - Maimonides Medical Center
Snehal T. Patil - Deemed University, India
Ajay Patle - International Institute of Health Management Research, India
George C. Patton - School of Health Sciences, Australia
Vishnupriya Rao Paturi - Diabetes Research Society, India
Deepak Paudel - Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
Marcel Moraes Pedroso - Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública
Emmanuel K. Peprah - National Institutes of Health
David M. Pereira - Universidade do Porto
Norberto Perico - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
Konrad Pesudovs - Glenelg, Australia
William A. Petri - University of Virginia
Max Petzold - University of Gothenburg
Maxwell Pierce - University of Washington
David M. Pigott - University of Washington
Julian David Pillay - Durban University of Technology
Meghdad Pirsaheb - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Guilherme V. Polanczyk - University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
Maarten J. Postma - University of Groningen
Farshad Pourmalek - School of Population and Public Health, Canada
Akram Pourshams - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hossein Poustchi - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Swayam Prakash - Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Narayan Prasad - Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Caroline Purcell - University of Washington
Manorama B Purwar - Government Medical College, India
Mostafa Qorbani - Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Reginald Quansah - University of Ghana
Amir Radfar - A.T. Still University
Anwar Rafay - Contech
Alireza Rafiei - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Fakher Rahim - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mahfuzar Rahman - La Trobe University
Md Shafiur Rahman - The University of Tokyo
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman - Affiliation unknown, Sweden
Muhammad Aziz Rahman - BRAC University
Sajjad Ur Rahman - University of South Africa
Rajesh Kumar Rai - Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, India
Fatemeh Rajati - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Sasa Rajsic - Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
Usha Ram - International Institute for Population Sciences
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat - Yonsei University
Prabhat Ranjan - University of Alabama
David Laith Rawaf - Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom
Salman Rawaf - Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom
Sarah E. Ray - University of Washington
Christian Aspacia Razo-García - Center for Population Health Research, Mexico
Robert C. Reiner - University of Washington
Cesar Reis - Loma Linda University Medical Center
Giuseppe Remuzzi - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
Andre M.N. Renzaho - School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Australia
Serge Resnikoff - Brien Holden Vision Institute
Satar Rezaei - School of Public Health, Iran
Shahab Rezaeian - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Sadegh Rezai - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Seyed Mohammad Riahi - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Maria Jesus Rios Blancas - Center for Health Systems Research, Mexico
Kedir Teji Roba - Hawassa University
Nicholas L. S. Roberts - University of Washington
Leonardo Roever - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Luca Ronfani - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Italy
Gholamreza Roshandel - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ali Rostami - Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Iran
Enrico Rubagotti - Amazon
George Mugambage Ruhago - School of Public Health, United States
Yogesh Damodar Sabde - National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, India
Perminder S. Sachdev - School of Psychiatry, Australia
Basema Saddik - University of Sharjah
Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hosein Safari - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Yahya Safari - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Roya Safari-Faramani - Faculty of Public Health
Mahdi Safdarian - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Sare Safi - Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Iran
Saeid Safiri - Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Rajesh Sagar - All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Amirhossein Sahebkar - Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Ali Sahraian - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Haniye Sadat Sajadi - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohamadreza Salahshoor - A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, India
Nasir Salam - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University
Joseph Salama - University of Washington
Payman Salamati - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Raphael De Freitas Saldanha - Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública
Zikria Saleem - University of the Punjab
Yahya Salimi - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Hamideh Salimzadeh - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Joshua A. Salomon - Stanford University
Sundeep Santosh Salvi - Chest Research Foundation, India
Inbal Salz - Ministry of Health, New Zealand
Evanson Zondani Sambala - South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), South Africa
Abdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Juan Ramon Sanabria - Marshall University
Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño - Jimenez Diaz Foundation University Hospital Institute for Health Research, Spain
Itamar S. Santos - University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
Milena M. Santric Milicevic - University of Belgrade
Bruno Piassi Sao Jose - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Mayank Sardana - University of Massachusetts, United States
Abdur Razzaque Sarker - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research
Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez - Faculty
Satish Saroshe - Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College
Nizal Sarrafzadegan - School of Population and Public Health, Canada
Benn Sartorius - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Shahabeddin Sarvi - Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Iran
Brijesh Sathian - Hamad Medical Corporation
Maheswar Satpathy - Utkal University
Arundhati R. Sawant - University of Alabama
Monika Sawhney - University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Bo Norrving - Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom
Elke Schaeffner - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Kathryn Schelonka - University of Washington
Ione J. C. Schneider - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
David C. Schwebel - University of Alabama
Falk Schwendicke - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Soraya Seedat - University of South Africa
Mario Sekerija - Croatian Institute of Public Health, Croatia
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Edson E. Servan-Mori - Center for Health Systems Research, Mexico
Hosein Shabaninejad - Iran University of Medical Sciences
Katya Anne Shackelford - University of Washington
Azadeh Shafieesabet - NYU Langone Health, United States
Amira A. Shaheen - An-Najah National University
Masood Ali Shaikh - Affiliation unknown, Sweden
Raad A. Shakir - Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom
Mehran Shams-Beyranvand - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammadbagher Shamsi - Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Iran
Morteza Shamsizadeh - Hamedan University of Medical Sciences
Heidar Sharafi - Middle East Liver Disease Center
Kiomars Sharafi - Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Mehdi Sharif - Islamic Azad University, Tehran
Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Jayendra Sharma - Ministry of Health, Bhutan
Rajesh Sharma - Delhi Technological University
Jun She - Fudan University
Aziz Sheikh - Harvard University
Peilin Shi - Tufts University
Kenji Shibuya - The University of Tokyo
Mika Shigematsu - National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Rahman Shiri - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
Reza Shirkoohi - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ivy Shiue - Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
Farhad Shokraneh - University of Nottingham
Sharvari Rahul Shukla - Symbiosis International University
Si Si - Monash University
Soraya Siabani - Cardiovascular Research Center
Abla Mehio Sibai - American University of Beirut
Tariq J Siddiqi - Dow University of Health Sciences
Inga Dora Sigfusdottir - Reykjavík University
Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir - Reykjavík University
Naris Silpakit - University of Washington
Diego Augusto Santos Silva - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Joao Pedro Silva - Universidade do Porto
Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira - Universidade de Brasília
Narayana Sarma Venkata Singam - University of Louisville
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Narinder Pal Singh - Max
Virendra Singh - Asthma Bhawan, India
Dhirendra Narain Sinha - School of Preventive Oncology, India
Karen Sliwa - University of Cape Town
Adauto Martins Soares Filho - Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brazil
Badr H.A. Sobaih - King Khalid University Hospital
Soheila Sobhani - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Moslem Soofi - School of Public Health, Iran
Joan B. Soriano - Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain
Ireneous N. Soyiri - University of Edinburgh
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy - International Medical University, Malaysia
Vladimir I Starodubov - Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russian Federation
Caitlyn Steiner - University of Washington
Leo G. Stewart - University of Washington
Mark Andrew Stokes - Deakin University
Mark Strong - University of Sheffield
Michelle L Subart - University of Washington
Muawiyyah Babale Sufiyan - Ahmadu Bello University
Gerhard Sulo - Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Bruno F. Sunguya - Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Patrick J. Sur - University of Washington
Ipsita Sutradhar - James P Grant School of Public Health, Bangladesh
Bryan L. Sykes - University of California at Irvine (UCI), USA
P.N. Sylaja - Neurology Department, India
Dillon O. Sylte - University of Washington
Cassandra E I Szoeke - Australian Catholic University
Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos - Universitat de Valencia, Spain
Karen M. Tabb - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla - Griffith University
Nikhil Tandon - All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Aberash Abay Tassew - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Segen Gebremeskel Tassew - Mekelle University
Nuno Taveira - University Institute Egas Moniz, Portugal
Nega Yimer Tawye - Wollo University
Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi - Iran University of Medical Sciences
Tigist Gashaw Tekalign - Haramaya University
Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle - School of Public Health, United States
Mohamad-Hani Temsah - King Saud University
Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi - University of Virginia
Manaye Yihune Teshale - Arba Minch University
Belay Tessema - University of Gondar
Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin - Aksum University
J.S. Thakur - Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan - Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, India
Sathish Thirunavukkarasu - Nanyang Technological University
Nihal Thomas - Christian Medical College
Alan J. Thomson - Adaptive Knowledge Management, Canada
Binyam Tilahun - Institute of Public Health, Ethiopia
Quyen G. To - Queensland University of Technology
Marcello Tonelli - University of Calgary
Roman Topor-Madry - Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Poland
Anna Torre - University of Washington
Miguel Tortajada-Girbés - Universitat de Valencia, Spain
Marcos Roberto Tovani Palone - University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
Hideaki Toyoshima - Nagoya University
Bach Xuan Tran - Hanoi Medical University
Khanh Bao Tran - University of Auckland
Srikanth Prasad Tripathy - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India
Thomas Truelsen - University of Copenhagen
Nu Thi Truong - Duy Tan University
Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik - School of Pharmacy, United States
Amanuel Tsegay - College of Health Sciences, Iran
Nikolaos Tsilimparis - Universitatsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf und Medizinische Fakultat, Germany
Lorainne Tudor Car - Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja - Federal Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Irfan Ullah - Gomal University
Muhammad Shariq Usman - Dow University of Health Sciences
Olalekan A. Uthman - University of Warwick
Selen Begüm Uzun - Ankara
Muthiah Vaduganathan - Harvard University
Afsane Vaezi - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Gaurang Vaidya - University of Louisville
Pascual Rubén Valdez - CIUDAD
Elena Varavikova - Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Santosh Varughese - Christian Medical College
Tommi Vasankari - UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Finland
Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos - Universidade de Brasília
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian - Raffles Hospital, Singapore
Santos Villafaina - Universidad de Extremadura
Francesco S Violante - University of Bologna
Sergey K. Vladimirov - Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russian Federation
Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov - National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation
Stein Emil Vollset - University of Washington
Theo Vos - University of Washington
Kia Vosoughi - Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran
Isidora S Vujcic - University of Belgrade
Fasil Wagnew - Debre Markos University
Yasir Waheed - Foundation University Medical College, Pakistan
Judd L. Walson - University of Washington
Yanping Wang - University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
Yuan-Pang Wang - National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, China
Elisabete Weiderpass - Karolinska Institutet
Robert G. Weintraub - Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs - Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Iran
Andrea Werdecker - Demographic Change and Ageing Research Area, Germany
Ronny Westerman - Cohort
Harvey A. Whiteford - University of Washington
Justyna Widecka - Zdroje Hospital, Poland
Katarzyna Widecka - Pomeranian Medical University
Tissa Wijeratne - La Trobe University
Andrea Sylvia Winkler - University of Oslo
Charles Shey Wiysonge - University of South Africa
Charles D.A. Wolfe - King's College London
Shouling Wu - Kailuan General Hospital
Grant M.A. Wyper - Information Services Division, United Kingdom
Gelin Xu - Nanjing University
Tomohide Yamada - The University of Tokyo
Yuichiro Yano - Northwestern University, USA
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Yasin Jemal Yasin - School of Public Health, United States
Pengpeng Ye - Division of Injury Prevention and Mental Health Improvement, China
Gökalp Kadri Yentür - Ministry of Health Tureky, Turkey
Alex Yeshaneh - Wolkite University
Ebrahim Mohammed - School of Pharmacy, United States
Paul Yip - Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Hong Kong
Engida Yisma - School of Allied Health Sciences, Ethiopia
Naohiro Yonemoto - Kyoto University
Seok-Jun Yoon - Northeastern University
Marcel Yotebieng - School of Public Health, United States
Mustafa Z. Younis - Jackson State University
Mahmoud Yousefifard - Physiology Research Center, Iran
Chuanhua Yu - Wuhan University
Vesna Zadnik - Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Slovenia
Zoubida Zaidi - University Hospital of Setif, Algeria
Sojib Bin Zaman - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research
Mohammad Zamani - Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
Zohreh Zare - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Mulugeta Molla Zeleke - School of Pharmacy, United States
Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe - Debre Berhan University
Taddese Alemu Zerfu - African Population Health Research Centre, Kenya
Xueying Zhang - University of Texas, United States
Xiu-Ju Zhao - Wuhan University of Technology
Maigeng Zhou - Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention Center, China
Jun Zhu - National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, China
Stephanie R.M. Zimsen - University of Washington
Sanjay Zodpey - Indian Institute of Public Health, India
Leo Zoeckler - University of Washington
Alan D. Lopez - University of Washington
Stephen S. Lim - University of Washington
GBD 2017 Population and Fertility Collaborators
Publication Details: The Lancet (British edition), Vol.392(10159), pp.1995-2051
Identifiers: 9932205408331
Academic Unit: University Ha'il; Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU); King Abdulaziz University; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology; King Saud University; Alfaisal University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article