Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the new [Ru(Q)(Cl)(2)(H2O)(2)] complex (Ru-III/Q). A new vital complex containing quercetin flavonoid compound (Q) with ruthenium ((III)) ions was synthesized. The molar conductivity of the Ru-III/Q complex was measured in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with value 12 (omega(-1) mol(-1) cm(-1), indicating their non-electrolytic nature. Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic investigation of the Ru-III/Q complex indicated that Q is coordinated as a bidentate with Ru metal ions through the oxygen of carbonyl C(4)=O group and oxygen of phenolic C(3)-O group based on the wavenumber shifts at 1654 and 1335 cm(-1) respectively. The electronic (UV-Vis) spectra and the magnetic susceptibility value (1.85 B.M.) revealed that the Ru((III)) complex has an octahedral geometry. The average diameter of the Ru-III/Q nanoparticles was approximately 7-15 nm according to the transmission electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric study (TG/DTG) indicates that the Ru-III/Q compound is quite stable until 300 degrees C. To assess biological activity, 60 male rats were allocated to six groups, namely control, DG (D-galactose), Q, Ru-III/Q, DG plus Q, and DG plus Ru-III/Q. Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GRx), markers of lipid peroxidation (such as MDA), expression of genes (namely Nrf2, Cu-ZnSOD, CAT, GPx, cyto c, P53, Bax, BCl2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 in testicular tissue), glutamate, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), GSH, HCY, amyloid beta, and GABA levels were evaluated in brain tissues. Cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha, histological and ultrastructural studies were estimated in both the brain and testicular tissues, while the comet assay was performed in the brain tissue. Ru-III/Q administration either alone or combined with DG reduced oxidative injury to normal levels and decreased apoptotic activities. Thus, Ru-III/Q inhibited injury in both the testis and brain and reduced oxidative stress in male rats. The (Ru-III/Q) complex has a potent ameliorative effect against aging neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and antihepatic cancer activity induced by D-galactose (DG).