Abstract
Because of the complexity, nonlinearity, and volatility, stock market forecasting is either highly difficult or yields very unsatisfactory outcomes when utilizing traditional time series or machine learning techniques. To cope with this problem and improve the complex stock market's prediction accuracy, we propose a new hybrid novel method that is based on a new version of EMD and a deep learning technique known as long-short memory (LSTM) network. The forecasting precision of the proposed hybrid ensemble method is evaluated using the KSE-100 index of the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Using a new version of EMD that uses the Akima spline interpolation technique instead of cubic spline interpolation, the noisy stock data are first divided into multiple components technically known as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) varying from high to low frequency and a single monotone residue. The highly correlated sub-components are then used to build the LSTM network. By comparing the proposed hybrid model with a single LSTM and other ensemble models such as the support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Decision Tree, its prediction performance is thoroughly evaluated. Three alternative statistical metrics, namely root means square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), are used to compare the aforementioned techniques. The empirical results show that the suggested hybrid Akima-EMD-LSTM model beats all other models taken into consideration for this study and is therefore recommended as an effective model for the prediction of non-stationary and nonlinear complex financial time series data.