Abstract
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The management of nosocomial BSI is challenging. BSI may be associated with Multidrug-resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria (MDR-GNB), which are difficult to treat with conventional and available antimicrobial drugs. Globally, the increased prevalence of MDR -GNB has led to a significant change in the spectrum of microorganisms isolated from patients with BSI. The aim of this study to investigate the prevalence, epidemiological aspects and Microbiological pattern of BSI caused by MDR-GNB at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to facilitate the development of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) Prevention and Control policy and to support proper selection of antimicrobial treatment and management of MDR-GNB infection. Method: a retrospective analysis conducted in patients with GNB BSI, which included all hospital departments, using the data from the Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory database. All positive blood culture results from June 2017 to June 2020 were reviewed. Result: a total of 302 patients with positive blood culture were identified. The major risk factors for acquiring BSI were immunocompromised conditions, such as cancer (25%) and kidney disease (24.5 %,). The emergency room was the department with the most isolated cases (39.4%). Escherichia coli (43%) was the principal Gram Negative Bacilli responsible for BSI, and Acinetobacter baumannii was the most extensively drug-resistant GNB (84%). In conclusion, this study illustrates the importance and value of continuous surveillance of MDROs. Clinical microbiology laboratories should monitor MDR, XDR and Pan drug-resistance (PDR) bacterial strains to reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance and to help in the formulation of effective antimicrobial stewardship programmes in healthcare facilities.