Abstract
The current review is aimed to provide an overview of etio-pathogenesis of otosclerosis. Otosclerosis affects bony labyrinth resulting a progressive conductive hearing loss, a sensorineural hearing loss, or a mixed-type hearing loss. It is a hereditary localized disease of the otic capsule typified by new bone formation that is composed of different fibrillar and cellular pattern. The abnormal new bone produces ankylosis of the stapes footplate resulting in conductive deafness. The onset of the hearing loss due to otosclerosis is usually between 15 and 40 years of age. Otosclerosis is a disease of adult onset affecting more women than men in the world. The previous study also has identified the link of otosclerosis with the family history. Additionally, women at an earlier age reported greater severity of otosclerosis symptoms compared to men. Despite the numerous theories suggested, the etiology of otosclerosis has remained obscure. Since histopathological inner ear changes due to otosclerosis is important, this review will provide an updated overview of prevalence and etio-pathological changes in otosclerosis.