Abstract
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•Spectrophotometry/graphitic digestion for phosphate analysis in iced up chicken.•HNO3 (conc.) & H2SO4 (conc.), and HNO3 (5 M) & H2SO4 (conc.) were best reagents.•Recovery rates were obtained up to 100%.•System offered excellent R2 > 0.999 with LOD, 0.032 mg/L and LOQ, 0.10 mg/L values.•Frozen and chilled chicken produced phosphate 3.38–5.90 g/kg and 3.96–26.94 g/kg.
A new method based on spectrophotometry combined with graphitic digestion was developed for quantitative assessment of phosphate in frozen and chilled chicken meat. Digestion reagents comprising HNO3 (conc.) & H2SO4 (conc.) and HNO3 (5 M) & H2SO4 (conc.) were found to have optimal composition, affording similar recovery values of 100% and 99%, respectively, with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.999) and good limit of detection (LOD = 0.032 mg/L) and limit of quantification (LOQ = 0.10 mg/L), whereas other reagents offered lower recoveries (0–1.73%). Phosphate was found in concentrations of 3.38–5.90 g/kg and 3.96–26.94 g/kg in frozen and chilled chicken, respectively. Chilled chicken contained higher amounts of phosphate (>20 g/kg) than recommended by the European Commission (EC, 5 g/kg), either alone or in a mixture of processed meat products. This method is simple, cost-effective, and can be used as an alternative for analyzing phosphate in various samples comprising a similar matrix.