Abstract
•A modified hybrid gel bead with Polyvinyl Alcohol-powdered activated carbon was developed for QQ bacteria immobilization.•The synergistic effect between adsorption and biodegradation was observed.•Mechanical strength and permeability of the modified bead were improved.•The optimal PAC concentration (1%) was obtained.•High antifouling efficiency (55.4%) of the modified bead was achieved.
In order to improve the antifouling properties of quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria immobilized beads, the mechanical strength and permeability of QQ beads were modified by adding powdered activated carbon (PAC) based on traditional polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-boric acid method. Optimal PAC concentration was investigated through measuring the mechanical strength, permeability and N-octanoyl-DLhomoserine lactone (C8-HSL) removal ratio of the PAC-PVA beads. Particularly, the enhanced antifouling effects of the optimal PAC-PVA beads were compared with those of original QQ beads through a membrane filtration experiment under constant pressure. The optimal concentration of PAC was 1% (w/v), under that PAC concentration, the mechanical strength, permeability and removal ratio of C8-HSL increased by 11.3%, 29.3% and 12.4% respectively. Synergistic effect between adsorption and biodegradation of 1% PAC-PVA beads was also observed. In membrane filtration experiment, membrane permeability with the 1% PAC-QQ beads decreased to 55.4% after 14 days, while the membrane permeability with 0% PAC-QQ beads decreased to 39.9%. The addition of PAC (1%) increased the antifouling efficiency of the QQ beads 15.5%. This paper demonstrated PAC-PVA bead as a QQ bacteria immobilized method had a great potential for biofouling control in membrane bioreactors (MBRs).