Abstract
Degradation of atrazine herbicide in humic substances (HS) aqueous solutions and distilled water solutions was investigated on a laboratory scale upon gamma-irradiation from a (60)Co source. In addition, the effect of ionizing radiation on the atrazine residues removal efficiency was investigated in relation to degradation of by-products. gamma-Irradiation experiments were carried out for three targeted concentrations (i.e. 0.464, 2.318 and 4.636 microM) with doses over the range 0.1-60 kGy. The initial concentration of herbicide, scavengers and irradiation doses play a significant role in the degradation efficiency as shown by decay constants of atrazine residues. gamma-Radiolysis showed that atrazine exhibited high degradation percentages at low absorbed doses in HS aqueous solutions compared to distilled water solutions. Absorbed doses from 0.6 to 21 kGy and from 6 to 72 kGy at a dose rate of 14.52 kGyh(-1) achieved 90% degradation for atrazine with initial concentrations over the range 0.464-4.636 microM in humic and distilled water solutions, respectively. The radiolytic degradation by-products and their mass balances were qualitatively determined with good confidence using gas chromatography/quadruple mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with electron impact ionization (EI(+)) mode.