Abstract
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•The current progress in the fabrication and functionalization strategies of MXenes are discussed.•The analytical merit of these probes are compared with literature, and their strength/weaknesses are also evaluated.•Detection of microbial toxins, mycotoxins, and pathogenic bacteria using two-dimensional MXene-based nanomaterials (MBNs) was highlighted.•Current challenges with possible solutions and future research opportunities of MBNs are discussed.
Food safety and spoilage are important concerns of the modern food sector. Therefore, it is highly demanded to identify, control, and remove persistent harmful and hazardous constituents from products. MXenes, are a class of two-dimensional (2D) compounds with unique physical and chemical features imparted in food safety standards. MXene-based nanomaterials (MBNs) (bio)sensors have emerged as a promising alternative and complementary analysis approaches classical recognition techniques, thanks to their interesting characteristics, like high electrical conductivity, unique layered topology, good hydrophilicity, superb thermal resistance, high surface area, and environmentally-friendlier attributes. In this review, we tried to summarize numerous scaffolds using MBNs, describe their principles, and explore their applications in detecting pathogens, and mycotoxins because of their sensitivity and multiplexing capability. The challenges and limitations of using MBNs-based (bio)sensors for precise and efficient assessment of food are also considered. Lastly, we discuss the purpose of progressing and enhancing MBNs nanoprobes, in terms of food security.