Abstract
Hyperglycemia can induce tissue damage, by increasing the oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators, whereas the secretome of stem cells helps in the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic compound, is reported to exert both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on both in vitro and in vivo models of health and disease. In this study, we evaluated the effects of high glucose (HG), at either 28 mM, and 41 mM, RSV (17 mu M), or in combination, on the cell morphology, proliferation, and regulation of cytokines in human Wharton's jelly-derived stem cells (hWJSCs) in vitro. Treatment with HG reduced the hWJSCs proliferation compared with the control but did not affect the cell morphology. In addition, exposure to RSV alone or in combination with HG significantly enhanced cell proliferation. The cytokine analysis of the supernatants of the hWJSCs by Multiple Analyte Profiling (xMAP) based on magnetic bead-based technology using MAGPIX instrument showed that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly reduced in all the treatment groups, while the interleukin-8 (IL-8) or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8) was reduced upon treatment with RSV or RSV with HG at 72 h. Meanwhile, the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion, was differentially regulated in the treatment groups when compared with control. We, therefore, concluded that HG inhibited the proliferation and caused cellular damage in hWJSCs. However, the RSV treatment helped to reverse these detrimental effects possibly by the differential regulation of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in hWJSCs.