Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder categorized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication, and repetitive stereotypic behavior. Emerging evidence increasingly suggests that chemokine receptors have a pivotal role in the central nervous system and are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous neuroinflammatory diseases. Resveratrol is widely used to treat neurodegenerative diseases, but its effect on autism has not been investigated. We investigated the effect of resveratrol (20 and 40 mg/kg) in the spleen and brain tissues of BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice as well as on the C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) (CCR3(+), CCR5(+), CCR7(+) and CCR9(+), CXCR3(+) and CXCR5(+)) in cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4(+)) T cells in the spleen. We also assessed the mRNA expression of CCR and CXCR receptors in the spleen and brain tissues. Our study revealed that the BTBR and B6 control mice showed different immune profiles. The BTBR mice showed characteristic higher levels of both CCR and CXCR production and expression in CD4(+) T cells than the B6 control mice did. Treatment of B6 and BTBR mice with resveratrol (20 and 40 mg/kg) induced a substantial decrease in the CCR and CXCR production and expression in CD4(+) T cells compared with the respective untreated control groups. Moreover, resveratrol treatment decreased the mRNA expression levels of CCR and CXCR in the spleen and brain tissues. Resveratrol downregulated the chemokine receptor levels, which might provide unique targets for future therapies for autism. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.