Abstract
In this review we describe the clinical manifestations associated with testosterone deficiency in aging men, termed the testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS). Since aging men suffer from multiple urological and andrological symptoms, TDS is an important medical condition to be suspected, recognized, clinically and biochemically diagnosed and therefore effectively and successfully treated. (C) 2012 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Pan African Urological Surgeons' Association. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.