Abstract
Here we summarize the original studies and case reports addressing the root and root canal morphology of permanent anterior teeth among the Saudi Arabian population, comparing findings to the international literature. The maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors are among the most likely teeth to require endodontic treatments, so their morphology should be considered for root canal treatment success. All related literature published between 1980 and 2020 in peer-reviewed journals were included in this review. A systematic literature exploration was carried-out using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Evidence-Based Dentistry Journal, and Dental Practice databases. The search terms used were: "root canal morphology", "root morphology", "case report for anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth", and "Saudi Arabian population". Twenty-nine original research articles were identified. Most of the studies used the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technique. A total of 29 original research studies were included in this review. In the Saudi-based original research, three studies addressed mandibular and one study maxillary teeth and were conducted in various cities. Twenty-nine clinical case reports are presented: among these, three were Saudi patients. When comparing Saudi data to data gathered in other populations, the findings were mostly consistent in canal and root configuration of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. New devices and technologies are clinically useful in the identification of morphological variations in permanent teeth. Greater attention should be given to detecting additional canals. Variation among canals of mandibular anterior and maxillary teeth should be considered for successful endodontic treatment.