Abstract
Accurate detection of biofouling in membrane filtration installations is assessed by monitoring the feed channel pressure drop over individual membrane elements of a full-scale installation using a sensitive pressure difference transmitter. Feed channel pressure drop increased mainly in the lead element of a nanofiltration installation. Also most biomass was present in the lead element, corresponding to membrane autopsy results obtained in several full-scale installations. The proposed pressure drop measurement over the lead element enables early detection of biofouling, facilitating timely and more effective control actions, with reduced environmental impact and cost.