Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the nanoscale sliding wear behaviour of re-HIPed (Hot Isostatically Pressed) and cast cobalt-based Stellite 6 alloys. A nanoindentation system equipped with a wear testing module was used to simulate single asperity deformation behaviour using a sphero-conical indenter. The test load was either increased linearly over the sliding distance or ramped upto full load at the initial stage of the test. Post-test evaluations included X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. An elastic–plastic finite element model (FEM) was used to compare the displaced volume with the experimental data. Results are discussed in terms of the structure–property relationships and indicated that the nanoscale wear was dominated by the composition and nanomechanical properties of the metal matrix, and also the shape and size of carbides. Wear predominantly occurred due to plastic deformation of the metal matrix phase. Relatively higher scratch resistance and hardness of the metal matrix phase, coupled with the microstructural homogeneity of re-HIPed alloy led to its lower wear volume loss, in comparison to the cast counterpart. The FEM predictions were in agreement with the experimental results, and the error between the two ranged from 0% to 25% under the loading conditions considered in this investigation.
•Metal matrix properties dominate nanoscale wear in Stellite 6 alloys.•Re-HIPed Stellite 6 alloy performs better than the cast counterpart during nanoscale wear.•Shear bands were observed in the cast alloy but not in the re-HIPed counterpart during nanoscratch tests.•Solid solution strengthening and lower stacking fault energy restrict FCC to HCP transformation in re-HIPed alloy.