Abstract
This study examines the solubility of benzamide (BZA), correlating the solubility with the theoretical models and calculating the thermodynamic property parameters. In this work, the gravimetric method was utilized to determine the solubility of benzamide in three individual solvents (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and ethyl acetate), as well as in (ethanol + ethyl acetate) (methanol + ethyl acetate) and (1-propanol + ethyl acetate) binary mixed solvents. The results demonstrated that the solubility of benzamide increased first and then decreased with increasing mole fractions of methanol/ethyl acetate and ethanol/ethyl acetate at the same temperature. Also, four co-solvency models (Jouyban-Acree, Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff, Jouyban Acree- Apelblat, and Ma models) were used to estimate the obtained experimental data of benzamide in pure and binary mixed solvents. The correlation results show that different models have a great prediction effect for the various systems investigated. Moreover, the van't Hoff and Gibbs equations were adopted to study the thermodynamic properties of the dissolution process, indicating that the dissolution of benzamide is an endothermic and non -spontaneous process. Furthermore, using the Inverse Kirkwood-Buff Integral approach, the preferential solvation mechanism of BZA in binary mixed solvent was determined.