Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Marissa B. Reitsma; Parkes J. Kendrick; Emad Ababneh; Cristiana Abbafati; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Amir Abdoli; Aidin Abedi; E. S. Abhilash; Derrick Bary Abila; Victor Aboyans; Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Shailesh M. Advani; Mohammad Aghaali; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Sohail Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Haroon Ahmed; Budi Aji; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Ziyad Al-Aly; Turki M. Alanzi; Khalid F. Alhabib; Liaqat Ali; Sheikh Mohammad Alif; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Francois Alla; Peter Allebeck; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Tarek Tawfik Amin; Saeed Amini; Hubert Amu; Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul; Robert Ancuceanu; Jason A. Anderson; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Benny Antony; Davood Anvari; Jalal Arabloo; Nicholas D. Arian; Monika Arora; Malke Asaad; Marcel Ausloos; Asma Tahir Awan; Getinet Ayano; Getie Lake Aynalem; Samad Azari; B. B. Darshan; Ashish D. Badiye; Atif Amin Baig; Mohammad Hossein Bakhshaei; Maciej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Till Winfried Barnighausen; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Sanjay Basu; Mohsen Bayati; Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi; Masoud Behzadifar; Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Kathleen S. Sachiko Berfield; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Sadia Bibi; Ali Bijani; Bagas Suryo Bintoro; Antonio Biondi; Setognal Birara; Dejana Braithwaite; Hermann Brenner; Andre R. Brunoni; Katrin Burkart; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos; Luis Alberto Camera; Josip Car; Rosario Cardenas; Giulia Carreras; Juan J. Carrero; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Maria Sofia Sofia Cattaruzza; Jung-Chen Chang; Simiao Chen; Dinh-Toi Chu; Sheng-Chia Chung; Massimo Cirillo; Vera Marisa Costa; Rosa A. S. Couto; Omid Dadras; Xiaochen Dai; Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno; Giovanni Damiani; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad; Jiregna Darega Gela; Kairat Davletov; Meseret Derbew Molla; Getenet Ayalew Dessie; Abebaw Alemayehu Desta; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Mostafa Dianatinasab; Daniel Diaz; Hoa Thi Do; Abdel Douiri; Bruce B. Duncan; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Arielle Wilder Eagan; Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan; Kristina Edvardsson; Iffat Elbarazi; Maha El Tantawi; Saman Esmaeilnejad; Ibtihal Fadhil; Emerito Jose A. Faraon; Carla Sofia e Sa Farinha; Medhat Farwati; Farshad Farzadfar; Mehdi Fazlzadeh; Valery L. Feigin; Rachel Feldman; Carlota Fernandez Prendes; Pietro Ferrara; Irina Filip; Filippos Filippidis; Florian Fischer; Luisa Sorio Flor; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Mohamed M. Gad; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Silvano Gallus; Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam; Mansour Ghafourifard; Alireza Ghajar; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Simona Giampaoli; Paramjit Singh Gill; Franklin N. Glozah; Elena V. Gnedovskaya; Mahaveer Golechha; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Giuseppe Gorini; Houman Goudarzi; Alessandra C. Goulart; Felix Greaves; Avirup Guha; Yuming Guo; Bhawna Gupta; Rajat Das Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Tarun Gupta; Vin Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Mohammad Rifat Haider; Randah R. Hamadeh; Graeme J. Hankey; Arief Hargono; Risky Kusuma Hartono; Hadi Hassankhani; Simon I. Hay; Golnaz Heidari; Claudiu Herteliu; Kamal Hezam; Thomas R. Hird; Michael K. Hole; Ramesh Holla; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Thomas Hsiao; Junjie Huang; Vincent C. Iannucci; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Bulat Idrisov; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Jessica Y. Islam; Rakibul M. Islam; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Farhad Islami; Hiroyasu Iso; Ramaiah Itumalla; Masao Iwagami; Jalil Jaafari; Vardhmaan Jain; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Sung-In Jang; Hosna Janjani; Shubha Jayaram; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Ravi Prakash Jha; Jost B. Jonas; Tamas Joo; Mikk Jurisson; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Leila R. Kalankesh; Tanuj Kanchan; Himal Kandel; Neeti Kapoor; Salah Eddin Karimi; Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi; Hafte Kahsay Kebede; Bayew Kelkay; Ryan David Kennedy; Abdullah T. Khoja; Jagdish Khubchandani; Gyu Ri Kim; Young-Eun Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Mika Kivimaki; Soewarta Kosen; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Nuworza Kugbey; G. Anil Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Dian Kusuma; Ben Lacey; Jennifer O. Lam; Ivan Landires; Savita Lasrado; Paolo Lauriola; Doo Woong Lee; Yo Han Lee; Janni Leung; Shanshan Li; Hualiang Lin; Shai Linn; Wei Liu; Alan D. Lopez; Platon D. Lopukhov; Stefan Lorkowski; Alessandra Lugo; Azeem Majeed; Afshin Maleki; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamun; Narayana Manjunatha; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Jose Martinez-Raga; Santi Martini; Manu Raj Mathur; Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis; Suresh Mehata; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Atte Meretoja; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Bartosz Miazgowski; Irmina Maria Michalek; Ted R. Miller; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Hamed Mirzaei; Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh; Sanjeev Misra; Masoud Moghadaszadeh; Yousef Mohammad; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H. Mokdad; Lorenzo Monasta; Mohammad Ali Moni; Ghobad Moradi; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Rahmatollah Moradzadeh; Shane Douglas Morrison; Tilahun Belete Mossie; Sumaira Mubarik; Erin C. Mullany; Christopher J. L. Murray; Mohsen Naghavi; Behshad Naghshtabrizi; Sanjeev Nair; Mahdi Nalini; Vinay Nangia; Atta Abbas Naqvi; Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy; Muhammad Naveed; Smitha Nayak; Vinod C. Nayak; Javad Nazari; Sabina O. Nduaguba; Sandhya Neupane Kandel; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Son Hoang Nguyen; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Molly R. Nixon; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Bo Norrving; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Christoph Nowak; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade; In-Hwan Oh; Andrew T. Olagunju; Eyal Oren; Nikita Otstavnov; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Mayowa O. Owolabi; Mahesh P. A. Smita Pakhale; Keyvan Pakshir; Raffaele Palladino; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Ashok Pandey; Utsav Parekh; Eun-Cheol Park; Eun-Kee Park; Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan; George C. Patton; Shrikant Pawar; Richard G. Pestell; Marina Pinheiro; Michael A. Piradov; Saeed Pirouzpanah; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Roman V. Polibin; Akila Prashant; Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi; Amir Radfar; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Azizur Rahman; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Nazanin Rajai; Pradhum Ram; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Priya Rathi; Lal Rawal; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu; Aziz Rezapour; Seyed Mohammad Riahi; Mavra A. Riaz; Leonardo Roever; Luca Ronfani; Gholamreza Roshandel; Ambuj Roy; Bedanta Roy; Simona Sacco; Basema Saddik; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Sana Salehi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Mehrnoosh Samaei; Abdallah M. Samy; Itamar S. Santos; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Nizal Sarrafzadegan; Brijesh Sathian; Monika Sawhney; Mete Saylan; Michael P. Schaub; Maria Ines Schmidt; Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider; Aletta Elisabeth Schutte; Falk Schwendicke; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Allen Seylani; Omid Shafaat; Syed Mahboob Shah; Masood Ali Shaikh; Ali S. Shalash; Mohammed Shannawaz; Kiomars Sharafi; Aziz Sheikh; Sara Sheikhbahaei; Mika Shigematsu; Rahman Shiri; Kawkab Shishani; K. M. Shivakumar; Siddharudha Shivalli; Roman Shrestha; Soraya Siabani; Negussie Boti Sidemo; Inga Dora Sigfusdottir; Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Joao Pedro Silva; Ambrish Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Virendra Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Freddy Sitas; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Matiwos Soboka; Joan B. Soriano; Ali Soroush; Sergey Soshnikov; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Emma Elizabeth Spurlock; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Dan J. Stein; Paschalis Steiropoulos; Stefan Stortecky; Kurt Straif; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Gerhard Sulo; Johan Sundstrom; Takahiro Tabuchi; Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla; Biruk Wogayehu Taddele; Eyayou Girma Tadesse; Animut Tagele Tamiru; Minale Tareke; Md Ismail Tareque; Ingan Ukur Tarigan; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Rekha Thapar; Ales Tichopad; Musliu Adetola Tolani; Fotis Topouzis; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Bach Xuan Tran; Jaya Prasad Tripathy; Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye; Nikolaos Tsilimparis; Hayley D. Tymeson; Anayat Ullah; Saif Ullah; Brigid Unim; Rachel L. Updike; Marco Vacante; Pascual R. Valdez; Constantine Vardavas; Patricia Varona Perez; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Madhur Verma; Marina V. Vetrova; Bay Vo; Giang Thu Vu; Yasir Waheed; Yanzhong Wang; Kevin Welding; Andrea Werdecker; Joanna L. Whisnant; Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe; Kazumasa Yamagishi; Srikanth Yandrapalli; Hiroshi Yatsuya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Yigizie Yeshaw; Mohammed Zewdu Yimmer; Naohiro Yonemoto; Chuanhua Yu; Ismaeel Yunusa; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Telma Zahirian Moghadam; Muhammed Shahriar Zaman; Maryam Zamanian; Hamed Zandian; Heather J. Zar; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Anasthasia Zastrozhina; Luis Zavala-Arciniega; Jianrong Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Chenwen Zhong; Yves Miel H. Zuniga; Emmanuela Gakidou; GBD 2019 Tobacco Collaborators

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01169-7

Back

Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Marissa B. Reitsma, Marissa B. Reitsma, Parkes J. Kendrick, Emad Ababneh, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Aidin Abedi, E. S. Abhilash, Derrick Bary Abila, …

The Lancet (British edition), Vol.397(10292), pp.2337-2360

19/06/2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01169-7

PMID: 34051883

Abstract

General & Internal Medicine

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Medicine, General & Internal

Science & Technology

Background Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings Globally in 2019, 1.14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1.13-1.16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7.41 trillion (7.11-7.74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27.5% [26. 5-28.5] reduction) and females (37.7% [35.4-39.9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0.99 billion (0.98-1.00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7.69 million (7.16-8.20) deaths and 200 million (185-214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20.2% [19.3-21.1] of male deaths). 6.68 million [86.9%] of 7.69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7.69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a dear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Files and links (1)

url

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01169-7View

Published (Version of record) Open

Metrics

1 Record Views

See more details

Details

Title: Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Creators - without role: Marissa B. Reitsma - University of Washington
Marissa B. Reitsma
Parkes J. Kendrick - University of Washington
Emad Ababneh - MED Institute
Cristiana Abbafati - Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Jurid & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy
Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari - Shahid Beheshti University
Amir Abdoli - Jahrom University
Aidin Abedi - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
E. S. Abhilash - Sree Narayana Guru Coll Chelannur, Dept Bot, Kozhikode, India
Derrick Bary Abila - Makerere University
Victor Aboyans - Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Limoges, France
Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh - Birzeit University
Oladimeji M. Adebayo - College Station Medical Center
Shailesh M. Advani - NIH, Social Behav Res Branch, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Mohammad Aghaali - Biostat
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah - University of Technology Sydney
Sohail Ahmad - Mahsa University
Keivan Ahmadi - University of Nottingham
Haroon Ahmed - COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Biosci, Islamabad, Pakistan
Budi Aji - Jenderal Soedirman University
Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna - Intercountry Ctr Oral Hlth ICOH Africa, Dept Publ Hlth, Jos, Nigeria
Ziyad Al-Aly - College Station Medical Center
Turki M. Alanzi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Khalid F. Alhabib - King Saud University
Liaqat Ali - College Station Medical Center
Sheikh Mohammad Alif - Monash University
Vahid Alipour - College Station Medical Center
Syed Mohamed Aljunid - Kuwait University
Francois Alla - University of Bordeaux
Peter Allebeck - Karolinska Institutet
Nelson Alvis-Guzman - Univ Costa, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Barranquilla, Colombia
Tarek Tawfik Amin - Cairo University
Saeed Amini - Arak University
Hubert Amu - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Populat & Behav Sci, Ho, Ghana
Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul - University of Geneva
Robert Ancuceanu - College Station Medical Center
Jason A. Anderson - University of Washington
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam - Biostat
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio - University of the Philippines Manila
Benny Antony - University of Tasmania
Davood Anvari - College Station Medical Center
Jalal Arabloo - College Station Medical Center
Nicholas D. Arian - University of Washington
Monika Arora - Hlth Fdn India, Hlth Promot Div, Gurugram, India
Malke Asaad - Univ Texas Houston, Dept Plast Surg, Houston, TX USA
Marcel Ausloos - University of Leicester
Asma Tahir Awan - Capella University
Getinet Ayano - Curtin University
Getie Lake Aynalem - University of Gondar
Samad Azari - College Station Medical Center
B. B. Darshan
Ashish D. Badiye - Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Atif Amin Baig - Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin Sultan Zainal Abidin Un, Biochem Unit, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Mohammad Hossein Bakhshaei - College Station Medical Center
Maciej Banach - College Station Medical Center
Palash Chandra Banik - Bangladesh University
Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo - University of Auckland
Till Winfried Barnighausen - Heidelberg University
Hiba Jawdat Barqawi - University of Sharjah
Sanjay Basu - Harvard University
Mohsen Bayati - Shiraz University
Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi - Drew University
Masoud Behzadifar - Lorestan University
Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma - Wollega University
Derrick A. Bennett - University of Oxford
Isabela M. Bensenor - College Station Medical Center
Kathleen S. Sachiko Berfield - University of Washington
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula - Charles University
Nikha Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Pankaj Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Krittika Bhattacharyya - Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India
Sadia Bibi - Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Ali Bijani - College Station Medical Center
Bagas Suryo Bintoro - Universitas Gadjah Mada
Antonio Biondi - University of Catania
Setognal Birara - Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia
Dejana Braithwaite - Univ Florida, Dept Epidemiol, Gainesville, FL USA
Hermann Brenner - Heidelberg
Andre R. Brunoni - College Station Medical Center
Katrin Burkart - University of Washington
Zahid A. Butt - University of Waterloo
Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos - Supreme Council Of Health
Luis Alberto Camera - College Station Medical Center
Josip Car - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Rosario Cardenas - Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Hlth Care, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Giulia Carreras - Florence
Juan J. Carrero - Karolinska Institutet
Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia - Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Maria Sofia Sofia Cattaruzza - Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Publ Hlth & Infect Dis, Rome, Italy
Jung-Chen Chang - College Station Medical Center
Simiao Chen - Heidelberg University
Dinh-Toi Chu - Supreme Council Of Health
Sheng-Chia Chung - UCL, Dept Hlth Informat, London, England
Massimo Cirillo - University of Naples Federico II
Vera Marisa Costa - Universidade do Porto
Rosa A. S. Couto - Universidade do Porto
Omid Dadras - Kyoto University
Xiaochen Dai - University of Washington
Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno - Eduardo Mondlane University
Giovanni Damiani - University of Milan
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - University of Washington
Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad - Johns Hopkins University
Jiregna Darega Gela - Ambo University
Kairat Davletov - Alma
Meseret Derbew Molla - University of Gondar
Getenet Ayalew Dessie - Bahir Dar University
Abebaw Alemayehu Desta - University of Gondar
Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne - University of Washington
Mostafa Dianatinasab - Shiraz University
Daniel Diaz - Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Complex Sci, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Hoa Thi Do - Inst Hlth Econ & Technol, Hanoi, Vietnam
Abdel Douiri - Supreme Council Of Health
Bruce B. Duncan - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Andre Rodrigues Duraes - Supreme Council Of Health
Arielle Wilder Eagan - Harvard University
Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan - Florida Int Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Miami, FL 33199 USA
Kristina Edvardsson - La Trobe University
Iffat Elbarazi - United Arab Emirates University
Maha El Tantawi - Alexandria University
Saman Esmaeilnejad - Tarbiat Modares University
Ibtihal Fadhil - Minist Publ Hlth & Populat, Div Noncommunicable Dis, Dubai, U Arab Emirates
Emerito Jose A. Faraon - University of the Philippines Manila
Carla Sofia e Sa Farinha - Natl Inst Stat, Disseminat Div, Lisbon, Portugal
Medhat Farwati - College Station Medical Center
Farshad Farzadfar - University of Tehran
Mehdi Fazlzadeh - University of Tehran
Valery L. Feigin - University of Washington
Rachel Feldman - University of Washington
Carlota Fernandez Prendes - Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Vasc Surg Deparment, Munich, Germany
Pietro Ferrara - University of Milano-Bicocca
Irina Filip - Kaiser Permanente
Filippos Filippidis - Supreme Council Of Health
Florian Fischer - Ravensburg Weingarten Univ Appl Sci, Inst Gerontol Hlth Serv & Nursing Res, Weingarten, Germany
Luisa Sorio Flor - Supreme Council Of Health
Nataliya A. Foigt - College Station Medical Center
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan - Obafemi Awolowo University
Masoud Foroutan - College Station Medical Center
Mohamed M. Gad - College Station Medical Center
Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane - College Station Medical Center
Silvano Gallus - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy
Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam - Madda Walabu University
Mansour Ghafourifard - College Station Medical Center
Alireza Ghajar - Supreme Council Of Health
Ahmad Ghashghaee - College Station Medical Center
Simona Giampaoli - Ist Super Sanita Italian Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Cardiovasc Endocrinemetabol Dis & Aging, Rome, Italy
Paramjit Singh Gill - University of Warwick
Franklin N. Glozah - University of Ghana
Elena V. Gnedovskaya - Res Ctr Neurol, Dept Neurol 3, Moscow, Russia
Mahaveer Golechha - Indian Inst Publ Hlth Gandhinagar, Hlth Syst & Policy Res, Gandhinagar, India
Sameer Vali Gopalani - University of Oklahoma
Giuseppe Gorini - Florence
Houman Goudarzi - Hokkaido University
Alessandra C. Goulart - College Station Medical Center
Felix Greaves - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Avirup Guha - Case Western Reserve University
Yuming Guo - Monash University
Bhawna Gupta - Torrens Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Rajat Das Gupta - BRAC University
Rajeev Gupta - University of South Carolina
Tarun Gupta - Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Vin Gupta - University of Washington
Nima Hafezi-Nejad - University of Tehran
Mohammad Rifat Haider - Ohio University
Randah R. Hamadeh - Arabian Gulf University
Graeme J. Hankey - University of Western Australia
Arief Hargono - Airlangga University
Risky Kusuma Hartono - Inst Publ Hlth Sci, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia Maju Indo, Jakarta, Indonesia
Hadi Hassankhani - Supreme Council Of Health
Simon I. Hay - University of Washington
Golnaz Heidari
Claudiu Herteliu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Kamal Hezam - Taiz University
Thomas R. Hird - University of Bath
Michael K. Hole - Univ Texas Austin, Dept Pediat, Austin, TX 78712 USA
Ramesh Holla - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh - College Station Medical Center
Sorin Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Mowafa Househ - Hamad bin Khalifa University
Thomas Hsiao - University of Washington
Junjie Huang - Chinese University of Hong Kong
Vincent C. Iannucci - University of Washington
Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye - University of Ibadan
Bulat Idrisov - UFA
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi - College Station Medical Center
Irena M. Ilic - University of Belgrade
Milena D. Ilic - University of Kragujevac
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
Jessica Y. Islam - Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Rakibul M. Islam - Monash University
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - Deakin University
Farhad Islami - Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance & Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
Hiroyasu Iso - Osaka University
Ramaiah Itumalla - University of Ha'il
Masao Iwagami - University of Tsukuba
Jalil Jaafari - College Station Medical Center
Vardhmaan Jain - College Station Medical Center
Mihajlo Jakovljevic - University of Kragujevac
Sung-In Jang - Yonsei University
Hosna Janjani - University of Tehran
Shubha Jayaram - College Station Medical Center
Panniyammakal Jeemon - College Station Medical Center
Ravi Prakash Jha - College Station Medical Center
Jost B. Jonas - Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
Tamas Joo - Semmelweis University
Mikk Jurisson - University of Tartu
Ali Kabir - College Station Medical Center
Zubair Kabir - Supreme Council Of Health
Leila R. Kalankesh - Supreme Council Of Health
Tanuj Kanchan - College Station Medical Center
Himal Kandel - University of Sydney
Neeti Kapoor - Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Salah Eddin Karimi - College Station Medical Center
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi - University of Glasgow
Hafte Kahsay Kebede - Jimma University
Bayew Kelkay - University of Gondar
Ryan David Kennedy - Inst Global Tobacco Control, Baltimore, MD USA
Abdullah T. Khoja - Johns Hopkins University
Jagdish Khubchandani - New Mexico State University
Gyu Ri Kim - Yonsei University
Young-Eun Kim - Natl Hlth Insurance Serv, Big Data Dept, Wonju, South Korea
Ruth W. Kimokoti - Simmons University
Mika Kivimaki - UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England
Soewarta Kosen
Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana - College Station Medical Center
Ai Koyanagi - San Juan de Dios Sanit Pk, CIBERSAM, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain
Kewal Krishan - Panjab University
Nuworza Kugbey - Univ Environm & Sustainable Dev, Somanya, Ghana
G. Anil Kumar - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Nithin Kumar - College Station Medical Center
Om P. Kurmi - Coventry University
Dian Kusuma - Supreme Council Of Health
Ben Lacey - Natl Inst Hlth Res NIHR Oxford Biomed Res Ctr, Oxford, England
Jennifer O. Lam - Kaiser Permanente
Ivan Landires - College Station Medical Center
Savita Lasrado - College Station Medical Center
Paolo Lauriola - CNR, Inst Clin Physiol, Pisa, Italy
Doo Woong Lee - Yonsei University
Yo Han Lee - Ajou University
Janni Leung - University of Queensland
Shanshan Li - Monash University
Hualiang Lin - Zhengzhou University
Shai Linn - University of Haifa
Wei Liu - Chongqing University
Alan D. Lopez - University of Washington
Platon D. Lopukhov - Evidence
Stefan Lorkowski - Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Alessandra Lugo - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy
Azeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Afshin Maleki - University of Tehran
Reza Malekzadeh - Shiraz University
Deborah Carvalho Malta - Federal Reserve
Abdullah A. Mamun - University of Queensland
Narayana Manjunatha - Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, Bengalore, India
Borhan Mansouri - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Ali Mansournia - University of Tehran
Jose Martinez-Raga - Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Dept Psychiat, Valencia, Spain
Santi Martini - Airlangga University
Manu Raj Mathur - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Hlth Policy Res, Gurugram, India
Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis - Autonomous Univ Hidalgo State, Dept Dent, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
Suresh Mehata - Minist Hlth, Kathmandu, Nepal
Walter Mendoza - United Nations
Ritesh G. Menezes - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Atte Meretoja - University of Melbourne
Tuomo J. Meretoja - University of Helsinki
Bartosz Miazgowski - College Station Medical Center
Irmina Maria Michalek - University of Lausanne
Ted R. Miller - Curtin University
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov - College Station Medical Center
Hamed Mirzaei - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh - College Station Medical Center
Sanjeev Misra - College Station Medical Center
Masoud Moghadaszadeh - College Station Medical Center
Yousef Mohammad - King Saud University
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani - Shahrekord University
Shafiu Mohammed - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Lorenzo Monasta - Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Mohammad Ali Moni - UNSW Sydney
Ghobad Moradi - College Station Medical Center
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh - College Station Medical Center
Rahmatollah Moradzadeh - Arak University
Shane Douglas Morrison - Supreme Council Of Health
Tilahun Belete Mossie - Bahir Dar University
Sumaira Mubarik - Wuhan University
Erin C. Mullany - University of Washington
Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
Behshad Naghshtabrizi - College Station Medical Center
Sanjeev Nair - College Station Medical Center
Mahdi Nalini - University of Tehran
Vinay Nangia - Suraj Eye Institute
Atta Abbas Naqvi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy - College Station Medical Center
Muhammad Naveed - Univ Cent Punjab, Dept Biotechnol, Lahore, Pakistan
Smitha Nayak - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal Inst Management, Manipal, India
Vinod C. Nayak - College Station Medical Center
Javad Nazari - Arak University
Sabina O. Nduaguba - Univ Florida, Pharmaceut Outcomes & Policy Dept, Gainesville, FL USA
Sandhya Neupane Kandel - Bupa
Cuong Tat Nguyen - Duy Tan University
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen - Duy Tan University
Son Hoang Nguyen - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Trang Huyen Nguyen - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Molly R. Nixon - University of Washington
Chukwudi A. Nnaji - College Station Medical Center
Bo Norrving - Lund University
Jean Jacques Noubiap - University of Adelaide
Christoph Nowak - Karolinska Institutet
Felix Akpojene Ogbo - Western Sydney University
Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade - College Station Medical Center
In-Hwan Oh - Kyung Hee University
Andrew T. Olagunju - McMaster University
Eyal Oren - University of Washington
Nikita Otstavnov - Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
Stanislav S. Otstavnov - Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
Mayowa O. Owolabi - College Station Medical Center
Mahesh P. A. Smita Pakhale - College Station Medical Center
Keyvan Pakshir - Shiraz University
Raffaele Palladino - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Adrian Pana - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas - Heidelberg University
Ashok Pandey - Nepal Hlth Res Council, Res Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
Utsav Parekh - College Station Medical Center
Eun-Cheol Park - Yonsei University
Eun-Kee Park - Yonsei University
Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan - College Station Medical Center
George C. Patton - University of Melbourne
Shrikant Pawar - Yale University
Richard G. Pestell - Baruch S. Blumberg Institute
Marina Pinheiro - Universidade do Porto
Michael A. Piradov - Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia
Saeed Pirouzpanah - College Station Medical Center
Khem Narayan Pokhrel - Integrated Dev Fdn Nepal, HIV & Mental Hlth Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
Roman V. Polibin - Evidence
Akila Prashant - JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research
Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi - Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Amir Radfar - College Station Medical Center
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Azizur Rahman - Charles Sturt University
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman - College Station Medical Center
Muhammad Aziz Rahman - La Trobe University
Amir Masoud Rahmani - Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Future Technol Res Ctr, Yunlin, Taiwan
Nazanin Rajai - Harvard University
Pradhum Ram - Emory University
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat - Policy Res Inst, Res Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
Priya Rathi - College Station Medical Center
Lal Rawal - Supreme Council Of Health
Andre M. N. Renzaho - Western Sydney University
Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Tobacco Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Aziz Rezapour - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Mohammad Riahi - College Station Medical Center
Mavra A. Riaz - Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin Sultan Zainal Abidin Un, Fac Business & Management, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Leonardo Roever - Federal Reserve
Luca Ronfani - Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Gholamreza Roshandel - Golestan University
Ambuj Roy - College Station Medical Center
Bedanta Roy - Quest University Canada
Simona Sacco - Univ Aquila, Dept Neurol, Laquila, Italy
Basema Saddik - University of Sharjah
Amirhossein Sahebkar - College Station Medical Center
Sana Salehi - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
Hamideh Salimzadeh - University of Tehran
Mehrnoosh Samaei - Brown University
Abdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Itamar S. Santos - College Station Medical Center
Milena M. Santric-Milicevic - University of Belgrade
Nizal Sarrafzadegan - College Station Medical Center
Brijesh Sathian - College Station Medical Center
Monika Sawhney - Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA
Mete Saylan - Bayer, Market Access, Istanbul, Turkey
Michael P. Schaub - University of Zurich
Maria Ines Schmidt - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider - Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Hlth Sci, Ararangua, Brazil
Aletta Elisabeth Schutte - UNSW Sydney
Falk Schwendicke - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Abdul-Aziz Seidu - University of Cape Coast
Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar - Mizoram University
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - Shiraz University
Allen Seylani - NHLBI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA
Omid Shafaat - College Station Medical Center
Syed Mahboob Shah - United Arab Emirates University
Masood Ali Shaikh
Ali S. Shalash - Ain Shams University
Mohammed Shannawaz - BLDE University
Kiomars Sharafi - College Station Medical Center
Aziz Sheikh - Harvard University
Sara Sheikhbahaei - Johns Hopkins University
Mika Shigematsu - Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan
Rahman Shiri - Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland
Kawkab Shishani - Washington State University
K. M. Shivakumar - College Station Medical Center
Siddharudha Shivalli - Supreme Council Of Health
Roman Shrestha - Yale University
Soraya Siabani - University of Technology Sydney
Negussie Boti Sidemo - Arba Minch University
Inga Dora Sigfusdottir - Reykjavík University
Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir - Reykjavík University
Diego Augusto Santos Silva - Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Phys Educ, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Joao Pedro Silva - Universidade do Porto
Ambrish Singh - University of Tasmania
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Virendra Singh - College Station Medical Center
Dhirendra Narain Sinha - Supreme Council Of Health
Freddy Sitas - University of Sydney
Valentin Yurievich Skryabin - Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Dept 16, Moscow, Russia
Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina - Balashiha Cent Hosp, Dept Therapeut, Balashikha, Russia
Matiwos Soboka - Jimma University
Joan B. Soriano - Autonomous University of Madrid
Ali Soroush - College Station Medical Center
Sergey Soshnikov - Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Moscow, Russia
Ireneous N. Soyiri - University of Hull
Emma Elizabeth Spurlock - University of Washington
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy - College Station Medical Center
Dan J. Stein - College Station Medical Center
Paschalis Steiropoulos - Democritus University of Thrace
Stefan Stortecky - University of Bern
Kurt Straif - Schiller
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Gerhard Sulo - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, Norway
Johan Sundstrom - Uppsala University
Takahiro Tabuchi - Osaka Int Canc Inst, Canc Control Ctr, Osaka, Japan
Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla - Griffith University
Biruk Wogayehu Taddele - Arbaminch Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Eyayou Girma Tadesse - Arba Minch University
Animut Tagele Tamiru - University of Gondar
Minale Tareke - Bahir Dar University
Md Ismail Tareque - University of Rajshahi
Ingan Ukur Tarigan - Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Res & Dev Ctr Human & Hlth Management, Jakarta, Indonesia
Mohamad-Hani Temsah - King Saud University
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan - University of Kerala
Rekha Thapar - College Station Medical Center
Ales Tichopad - Czech Tech Univ, Fac Biomed Engn, Prague, Czech Republic
Musliu Adetola Tolani - Ahmadu Bello University
Fotis Topouzis - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - College Station Medical Center
Bach Xuan Tran - College Station Medical Center
Jaya Prasad Tripathy - College Station Medical Center
Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye - Bahir Dar University
Nikolaos Tsilimparis - Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Dept Vasc Surg, Munich, Germany
Hayley D. Tymeson - University of Washington
Anayat Ullah - College Station Medical Center
Saif Ullah - Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Brigid Unim - Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Cardiovasc Endocrinemetabol Dis & Aging, Rome, Italy
Rachel L. Updike - University of Washington
Marco Vacante - University of Catania
Pascual R. Valdez - College Station Medical Center
Constantine Vardavas - University of Crete
Patricia Varona Perez - Natl Inst Hyg Epidemiol & Microbiol INHEM, Dept Epidemiol, Havana, Cuba
Tommi Juhani Vasankari - UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian - Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore
Madhur Verma - College Station Medical Center
Marina V. Vetrova - Pavlov Univ, Dept Psychopharmacol, St Petersburg, Russia
Bay Vo - HUTECH University
Giang Thu Vu - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Yasir Waheed - College Station Medical Center
Yanzhong Wang - Supreme Council Of Health
Kevin Welding - Johns Hopkins University
Andrea Werdecker - Federal Reserve
Joanna L. Whisnant - University of Washington
Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe - Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Kazumasa Yamagishi - Osaka University
Srikanth Yandrapalli - New York Medical College
Hiroshi Yatsuya - Fujita Hlth Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi - College Station Medical Center
Yigizie Yeshaw - University of Gondar
Mohammed Zewdu Yimmer - Wollo University
Naohiro Yonemoto - Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Chuanhua Yu - Wuhan University
Ismaeel Yunusa - Harvard University
Hasan Yusefzadeh - Urmia University
Telma Zahirian Moghadam - College Station Medical Center
Muhammed Shahriar Zaman - Queens University
Maryam Zamanian - Arak University
Hamed Zandian - College Station Medical Center
Heather J. Zar - University of Cape Town
Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin - Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Lab Genet & Genom, Moscow, Russia
Anasthasia Zastrozhina - College Station Medical Center
Luis Zavala-Arciniega - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Tobacco Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Jianrong Zhang - University of Melbourne
Zhi-Jiang Zhang - Wuhan University
Chenwen Zhong - Chinese University of Hong Kong
Yves Miel H. Zuniga - Dept Hlth Philippines, Hlth Technol Assessment Unit, Manila, Philippines
Emmanuela Gakidou - University of Washington
GBD 2019 Tobacco Collaborators
Publication Details: The Lancet (British edition), Vol.397(10292), pp.2337-2360
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 24
Grant note: UK Biobank NIHR Applied Research Collaborations West Midland BHF Oxford Centre of Research Excellence NHMRC Early Career Fellowship; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia UL1TR001881 / National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) UCLA 175087 / Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia; Ministry of Education, Science & Technological Development, Serbia UIDB/04378/2020 / Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO) Monash University, VIC, Australia NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South London at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust W81XWH1810605 / Breast Cancer Research Program from the Department of Defense; United States Department of Defense NIHR Oxford BRC 2T32CA116339-11 / UNC's Cancer Care Quality Training IA/CPHI/14/1/501497 / Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Fellowship; Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance; Wellcome Trust UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia R01CA132115; R21CA235139-01 / NIH National Cancer Institute; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) Royal College of Physicians National Heart Foundation of Australia Portuguese national funds via FCT/MCTES Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University International Graduate Research Scholarship, University of Tasmania Manipal Academy of Higher Education NIHR BRC based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2020-2-0351 / Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation (CNDS-UEFISCDI); Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS); Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) NIHR Global Health Group on Addressing Smokeless Tobacco Use AMP; Building Research Capacity in South Asia at the University of York PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2020-2-0351 / Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation (CNDS-UEFISCDI; Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS); Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Improving Health in Slums at the University of Warwick MC_UU_00022/2 / Medical Research Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC) 01EA1808A / German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) FIU University Graduate School Dissertation Year Fellowship OI 175 014 / Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia; Ministry of Education, Science & Technological Development, Serbia SCAF/15/02 / NHS Research Scotland Senior Clinical Fellowship Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENACYT), Panama SPHSU13 / Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office SFRH/BHD/110001/2015; DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006 / Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), IP Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program NHMRC; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia HDRUK BREATHE Hub Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)
Identifiers: 9915085808331
Academic Unit: Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU); University Ha'il; King Saud University; Alfaisal University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article