Abstract
Two modes of complexation were resulted upon the chemical interactions of ampicillin (amp) antibiotic drug with iron(III), palladium(II), and gold(III) metal ions in 50/50 % of methanol/distilled water mixed solvent. The chemical formulas of Fe-III, Pd-II, and Au-III complexes are [Fe-2(amp)(Cl)(5)(H2O)(3)].3H(2)O, [Pd(amp)(2)].2H(2)O and [Au-2(amp)(Cl)(4)].Cl.2H(2)O. These complexes were characterized using elemental analyses, molar conductivity, (infrared,H-1-NMR, UV-vis.) spectra, effective magnetic moment in Bohr magnetons, thermal analysis (TG), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as transmitting electron microscopy (TEM). The binuclear complexes of Fe-III and Au-III ions are coordinated toward the oxygen of carbonyl amide and nitrogen of -NH2 groups and oxygens of carbonyl beta-lactam ring and deprotonated of the -COOH group, while the mononuclear complex of Pd-II ions coordinated through oxygens of beta-lactam and carboxylate groups. Magnetic susceptibilities of the solid samples indicated that the Pd-II and Au-III complexes have a diamagnetic form but the Fe-III complex has a paramagnetic nature with octahedral ligational statement. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the respected complexes were tested against some kind of bacteria and fungi strains if comparable with the ampicillin free drug. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of the gold(III) complex were determined against the human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) tumor cell lines.