Abstract
The utilization of solar energy is essential to all living things since the beginning of time. In addition to being a constant source of energy, solar energy (SE) can also be used to generate heat and electricity. Recent technology enables to convert the solar energy into electricity by using thermal solar heat. Solar energy is perhaps the most easily accessible and plentiful source of sustainable energy. Copper-based nanofluid has been considered as a method to improve solar collector performance by absorbing incoming solar energy directly. The goal of this research is to explore theoretically the Agrawal axisymmetric flow induced by Cu-water nanofluid over a moving permeable disk caused by solar energy. Moreover, the impacts of Maxwell velocity and Smoluchowski temperature slip are incorporated to discuss the fine points of nanofluid flow and characteristics of heat transfer. The primary partial differential equations are transformed to similarity equations by employing similarity variables and then utilizing bvp4c to resolve the set of equations numerically. The current numerical approach can produce double solutions by providing suitable initial guesses. In addition, the results revealed that the impact of solar collector efficiency enhances significantly due to nanoparticle volume fraction. The suction parameter delays the boundary layer separation. Moreover, stability analysis is performed and is found that the upper solution is stable and physically trustworthy while the lower one is unstable.