Abstract
Alterations to the immune system caused by stress have been considered to markedly increase the risk for immune-related diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. We investigated the potential anti-stress effects of the histamine 4 receptor (H4R) agonist, 4-methylhistamine (4-MeH), in a murine stress model. Mice were placed in 50 ml conical centrifuge tubes for 12 h followed by a 12 h rest. The effects of treatment with 4-MeH (30 mg/kg, i.p., twice daily) for 2 days were assessed. At 2 days after physical restraint, mice were sacrificed and tissues harvested. We evaluated the effects of 4-MeH treatment on CD4(+) T cell production, and intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-4 expression in these cells. We also assessed IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-4 mRNA expression as well as IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, GITR, Ox40 and IL-4 protein expression in the spleen. The results showed that 4-MeH treatment of stressed mice results in a substantial increase in the CD4(+) T cells as well as in IFN-gamma production by these cells. Compared to both untreated and stressed controls. In contrast, IL-4 expression decreased significantly following 4-MeH treatment of mice. Moreover, stimulation of the H4R resulted in up-regulated expression of IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mRNAs and decreased the expression of IL-4. Western blot analysis confirmed decreased protein expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, GITR, Ox40 and increased IL-4 in the SC group and treatment of mice with 4-MeH reversed these effects. Our results confirm the significant impact of chronic stress on T cell function and production of Thl/Th2 mediators H4R. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.