Abstract
The stress and strain distribution in the bone surrounding a dental implant have been analyzed using the finite element and optimization techniques. The effect of removing cancellous bone completely or not was investigated. Two models were used, the first model without cancellous bone and the second with it. The elastic modulus of the implant material and the length of the implant neck or the height of bone surrounding the implant were used as design variables in the two models. In the first model a higher level of stress in the cortical bone surrounding the neck of the implant was found. While in the second model, it was found surrounding the tip of the implant. The result indicates that the stress concentration factor in the bone of the first model is reduced by 30% compared to the initial design. However, when the implant was surrounded by sleeve of cancellous bone (second model) the stress concentration is reduced by 16% for cortical bone and 15% for cancellous bone. This reduction help to reduce fatigue failure and bone resorption.